Physical and chemical analysis of lithium-ion battery cell-to-cell failure events inside custom fire chamber

Spinner, Neil; Field, Christopher R.; Hammond, Mark; Williams, Bradley A.; Myers, Kristina M.; Lubrano, Adam L.; Rose-Pehrsson, Susan L.; Tuttle, Steven G.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.01.068

Cited by 72 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…than in previous experiments when dealing with severely overcharged and overheated batteries [16,18,21]. Maximum surrogate cell temperatures during the failure event were unsurprisingly experienced by the 'A' position thermocouples, which were closest to the active cell and reached temperatures between 166 and 229 C. The hottest cell was the one in position 5 due to its proximity to both the surrogate heater cell and the failing active cell.…”

Section: Battery Failure Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Novel 18650 lithium-ion battery surrogate cell design with anisotropic thermophysical properties for studying failure events

Spinner

Hinnant

Mazurick

et al. 2016

Journal of Power Sources

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Spinner, Neil S.; Hinnant, Katherine M.; Mazurick, Ryan; Brandon, Andrew; Rose-Pehrsson, Susan L.; and Tuttle, Steven G., "Novel 18650 lithium-ion battery surrogate cell design with anisotropic thermophysical properties for studying failure events" (2016 b s t r a c tCylindrical 18650-type surrogate cells were designed and fabricated to mimic the thermophysical properties and behavior of active lithium-ion batteries. An internal jelly roll geometry consisting of alternating stainless steel and mica layers was created, and numerous techniques were used to estimate thermophysical properties. Surrogate cell density was measured to be 1593 ± 30 kg/m 3 , and heat capacity was found to be 727 ± 18 J/kg-K. Axial thermal conductivity was determined to be 5.1 ± 0.6 W/m-K, which was over an order of magnitude higher than radial thermal conductivity due to jelly roll anisotropy. Radial heating experiments were combined with numerical and analytical solutions to the time-dependent, radial heat conduction equation, and from the numerical method an additional estimate for heat capacity of 805 ± 23 J/kg-K was found. Using both heat capacities and analysis techniques, values for radial thermal conductivity were between 0.120 and 0.197 W/m-K. Under normal operating conditions, relatively low radial temperature distributions were observed; however, during extreme battery failure with a hexagonal cell package, instantaneous radial temperature distributions as high as 43e71 C were seen. For a vertical cell package, even during adjacent cell failure, similar homogeneity in internal temperatures were observed, demonstrating thermal anisotropy.Published by Elsevier B.V.

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Section: Battery Failure Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Novel 18650 lithium-ion battery surrogate cell design with anisotropic thermophysical properties for studying failure events

Spinner

Hinnant

Mazurick

et al. 2016

Journal of Power Sources

Self Cite

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“…For static test methods, there has been a clear focus on obtaining data from materials found within Li-ion cells such as mechanical strain and bending [16][17][18][19], force displacement [16][17][18][19][20], creep [19] and tolerance changes during charge and discharge [21]. Within the dynamic testing domain there has been a significant focus towards assessing the crashworthiness and robustness of Li-ion cells via mechanical crush [16,20,22], penetration [18,23], impact resistance [16,22], mechanical shock [16,24] and the effect of environmental changes such as temperature [25] and decompression [26]. Research in the static and dynamic domains is driven by a need to comply with whole vehicle crash homologation [27,28], to meet consumer focused accreditation requirements (e.g., Euro NCAP [29]) and mandatory transport legislation such as UN 38.3 [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibration Durability Testing of Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC) Lithium-Ion 18,650 Battery Cells

et al. 2016

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Electric vehicle (EV) manufacturers are employing cylindrical format cells in the construction of the vehicles' battery systems. There is evidence to suggest that both the academic and industrial communities have evaluated cell degradation due to vibration and other forms of mechanical loading. The primary motivation is often the need to satisfy the minimum requirements for safety certification. However, there is limited research that quantifies the durability of the battery and in particular, how the cells will be affected by vibration that is representative of a typical automotive service life (e.g., 100,000 miles). This paper presents a study to determine the durability of commercially available 18,650 cells and quantifies both the electrical and mechanical vibration-induced degradation through measuring changes in cell capacity, impedance and natural frequency. The impact of the cell state of charge (SOC) and in-pack orientation is also evaluated. Experimental results are presented which clearly show that the performance of 18,650 cells can be affected by vibration profiles which are representative of a typical vehicle life. Consequently, it is recommended that EV manufacturers undertake vibration testing, as part of their technology selection and development activities to enhance the quality of EVs and to minimize the risk of in-service warranty claims.

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“…manufacturing defects are issues that can occur and lead to internal short circuits, causing selfheating and severe drops in battery voltage [1][2][3][4][5].Overheating to high temperatures (130-200°C) can result in unwanted exothermic reactions, such as decomposition of thesolid-electrolyte interphase (SEI), electrolyte and/or electrodes, which can potentially lead to separator shutdown and a catastrophic thermal runaway event [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Extremely low temperatures can be equally problematic as well, particularly during charging, where mass transport limitations through the viscous electrolyte causes plating of lithium metal and high interfacial resistances which contribute to decreased capacity retention and possible battery failure [7,[13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanding the Operational Limits of the Single-Point Impedance Diagnostic for Internal Temperature Monitoring of Lithium-ion Batteries

Spinner

Love

Rose-Pehrsson

et al. 2015

Electrochimica Acta

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Physical and chemical analysis of lithium-ion battery cell-to-cell failure events inside custom fire chamber

Cited by 72 publications

References 18 publications

Novel 18650 lithium-ion battery surrogate cell design with anisotropic thermophysical properties for studying failure events

Novel 18650 lithium-ion battery surrogate cell design with anisotropic thermophysical properties for studying failure events

Vibration Durability Testing of Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC) Lithium-Ion 18,650 Battery Cells

Expanding the Operational Limits of the Single-Point Impedance Diagnostic for Internal Temperature Monitoring of Lithium-ion Batteries

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