Physical and chemical composition of goat milk during smallholder production in the conditions of the natural and agricultural zone of the Steppe of Ukraine

Antonenko, P. P.; Chumak, S. V.; Chumak, V. O.

doi:10.32819/2019.74035

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…At the lactation peak (beyond the 3rd month of lactation), lactose and protein have diminished compared to fat. Therefore, in this lactation period, FP is prone to increase [45]. In this research, we analyzed the goat milk in the first 70 days of lactation, and it is probably that differences in milk FP at early (10th day) and late (70th day) lactation could be due to an early weaning of the kid (at 21 days in farm conditions), where goatling lactation is not required.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk Composition of Creole Goats Raised at Different Altitudes in an Extensive Production System in Northeast Mexico

Peña-Avelino,

Ceballos-Olvera,

Rosales-Martinez

et al. 2023

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Goat milk composition is affected by feeding, and in semiarid rangeland, information on Creole goat milk physicochemical composition is lacking. For the fulfillment of this objective, three agroecological regions (AR) considering altitude (lowland 87, highland 779, and mountain 1309 m above sea level) with different botanical compositions were chosen. Every AR analyzed accounted for 30 goat herds, with a total of 90 herds. The results demonstrated that altitude had an influence mainly on density and protein. Milk density increases as altitude increases; conversely, milk protein increases as altitude decreases. On the other hand, in the mountain and lowland ARs, the salts and solids not fat (SNF) percentages were higher compared to that of the highland AR (p < 0.05). The freezing point (FP) was higher at highland altitudes compared to that of mountain and lowland ARs (p < 0.01). In the milk fatty acids (FA) profile, only the C14:1 value was affected by altitude, whereas goat milk at lowland and mountain altitudes had higher values compared to that at highland altitudes (p < 0.05). Additionally, late lactation stage fat, FP, and pH values were higher compared to early lactation values. The opposite effect was observed for salts and SNF. In the FA profile, late lactation values were higher for C10:0 and C8:0 compared to early lactation values. The opposite trend was observed for C18:2n6t. The thrombogenic index was significantly higher at lowland altitudes compared to highland altitudes, and similar to the mountain AR. These goat milk characteristics could be explained as a consequence of animal nutrition, as well as the goat’s meat-type phenotype.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk Composition of Creole Goats Raised at Different Altitudes in an Extensive Production System in Northeast Mexico

Peña-Avelino,

Ceballos-Olvera,

Rosales-Martinez

et al. 2023

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Середні значення та стандартні відхилення окремих фізико-хімічних параметрів молока місцевих кіз в Україні протягом лактації такі: жир 4,32 ± 1,25 %, білок 3,22 ± 0,24 %, лактоза 4,78 ± 0,37 %, співвідношення жир / білок 1,35 ± 0,42, сухий знежирений молочний залишок 8,67 ± 0,65 %, густина 29 ± 3 0 А, температура замерзання -0,567 ± -0,039 °C, електропровідність 4,49 ± 0,47 мС / см, pH 6,73 ± 0,09, кислотність 15,7 ± 1,9 0 Т (Antonenko et al, 2019).…”

Section: обговоренняunclassified

Changes in the goat’s milk composition due to heat stress at the farm of the Ukrainian steppe zone

Chumak¹,

Chumak²,

Horchanok³

2021

Theor. Appl. Vet. Med.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of the study was to identify the relationship between milk indicators of dairy goats that are staying under heat stress with the climatic conditions of the Ukrainian steppe zone. The main research areas of animals’ reaction to temperature stress were monitoring their physiological state, changes in behavior and metabolism through the neuroendocrine mechanisms of their regulation, assessing the immune system functional state, the antioxidant defense system, and determining the activity of the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract. It is important to control the respiratory rate of animals, which becomes especially important when the air humidity is high and the reversal of the fat/protein ratio in milk is detected. It occurs under stressful conditions and significantly affects the technological properties of milk, especially in animals with high milk productivity. It is useful to provide goats after kidding with the opportunity to stay for a long time with an adequate photoperiod, this will affect the synthesis of prolactin and the level of milk yield at the peak of lactation. When feeding highly productive animals, it becomes important to regulate both the appetite of animals and the composition of the diet. This is important to prevent digestive disorders because the state of the ruminant stomach microbiota of the feed affects the synthesis of the constituent components of milk. When breeding, attention should be paid to multiple pregnancies, because the long-term effect of gonadotropins and other biologically active substances from the placenta affects the ability of females to produce greater milk secretion in the next lactation. According to the obtained results, staying in the transition zone according to the THI (more than 65) affected some of the chemical parameters of goat’s milk. In particular, there was a decrease in fat content, and therefore also the dry matter content and the fat/protein ratio, as well as urea, as one of the indicators of the rumen microbiota state. A significant increase in the number of somatic cells was observed almost three times, which confirms the presence of stress response from the mammary gland. For an objective assessment of the animals’ welfare state in terms of climatic conditions, it is advisable to use the definitions of the temperature-humidity index, and to confirm the stress response in dairy goats from any factor of keeping and feeding – laboratory determination of stress biomarkers in the composition of blood, milk, and urine.

show abstract

“…Згідно з визначенням температурно-вологісного індексу прийнятний для кіз клімат спостерігається із квітня. Середні значення та стандартні відхилення окремих фізико-хімічних параметрів молока місцевих кіз протягом лактації такі: жир 4,32 ± 1,25%, білок 3,22 ± 0,24%, лактоза 4,78 ± 0,37%, співвідношення жир / білок 1,35 ± 0,42, сухий знежирений молочний залишок 8,67 ± 0,65%, густина 29 ± 3 0 А, температура замерзання -0,567 ± -0,039 0 С, електропровідність 4,49 ± 0,47 мС/см, pH 6,73 ± 0,09, кислотність 15,7 ± 1,9 0 Т (Antonenko et al, 2019).…”

Section: вступunclassified

Urea and other milk indicators in the early period of goat lactation in the farm’s conditions of the Ukrainian steppe zone

Chumak¹,

Horchanok²,

Chumak³

2020

TAVM

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The relationships between the urea and other goat milk indicators levels at the beginning of lactation on intensive production and with a certain level of feeding were revealed. Due to the beneficial effects on human health, goat's milk has found its niche in healthy foods' assortment of developed countries. A sampling of milk has provided an opportunity to identify the characteristics of the goat milk's physicochemical composition at the beginning of lactation (the first week, the first and second months after parturition). Evaluation of the goat milk quality has high economic importance, especially protein and fat content, on which the volume of produced cheese depends. The milk urea content was 20.93 ± 8.8 mg/dl, the fluctuations at the end of the first week were 10.57 ± 5.78 mg/dl, and the second month of lactation was 25.08 ± 3.17 mg/dl. A correlation was observed between this indicator and the content of fat (r =-0.62), protein (r =-0.76), dry matter (r =-0.72), milk solids-non-fat (r =-0.75) and the milk freezing point (r =-0.79). Thus, these results differ from the data of other researchers conducted with milk and obtained in other lactation periods, when these dependencies were already offset by the influence of other factors. The level of fat averaged 4.77 ± 1.43%, protein 3.61 ± 0.98%, fat / protein ratio was 1.34 ± 0.27. At the end of the first week, level of fat was 5.86 + 1.73%, protein 4.65 ± 0.91%, fat / protein ratio 1.26 ± 0.28, and in the second month of lactation 4.40 ± 1.10%, 3.07 ± 0.51% and 1.43 ± 0.24, respectively. This is probably connected with a gradual transition to the production of more diluted milk after an early lactation period. But the fat and protein ratio characterizes the gradual improvement in the milk technological properties. The lactose level averaged 4.26 ± 0.22%, it varied from 4.25 ± 0.19% at the end of the first week, to 4.39 ± 0.19% at the second-month lactation. In our work, we obtained fluctuations in the number of somatic cells 3312 ± 5579 thousand/ml with very significant fluctuations in individual animals in the absence of any pathological clinical signs. Significant differences with the data from other works are probably due to the early lactation period of our animals. The solids' content in the milk averaged 13.73 ± 2.41%, milk solids-nonfat 8.94 ± 1.11%, the freezing point or mild depression was 0.563 ± 0.029 ° C. At the end of the first week, these indicators were 15,98 ± 2.44%, 10.11 ± 0.91% and-0.593 ± 0.020 ° C, and in the second month of lactation 12.89 ± 1.74%, 8.47 ± 0.75% and-0.555 ± 0.025 °C, respectively.

show abstract

Physical and chemical composition of goat milk during smallholder production in the conditions of the natural and agricultural zone of the Steppe of Ukraine

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Milk Composition of Creole Goats Raised at Different Altitudes in an Extensive Production System in Northeast Mexico

Milk Composition of Creole Goats Raised at Different Altitudes in an Extensive Production System in Northeast Mexico

Changes in the goat’s milk composition due to heat stress at the farm of the Ukrainian steppe zone

Urea and other milk indicators in the early period of goat lactation in the farm’s conditions of the Ukrainian steppe zone

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About