Physical and Chemical Modifications in Starch Structure and Reactivity

Nawaz, Haq; Waheed, Rashem; Nawaz, Mubashir; Shahwar, Dure

doi:10.5772/intechopen.88870

Cited by 60 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 103 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…Modification can be achieved by various means such as chemical, physical, genetic, and enzymatic [ 10 ]. These modifications will provide much-needed functionality to starch films and open a new window for starch usage in various food sector applications [ 15 , 16 ]. Chemical modification is achieved by using different chemical reagents such as alkylene oxide, vinyl acetate, acetic anhydride, phosphoryl chloride (POCl 3 ), epichlorohydrin, and sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Characterization of Active Native and Cross-Linked Pearl Millet Starch-Based Film Loaded with Fenugreek Oil

Dhull

Punia

Deswal

et al. 2021

Foods

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In this study, cross-linked pearl millet starch and fenugreek oil was used to develop active starch edible films to overcome the limitations of native starch and to substitute artificial preservatives with natural one. The starch was cross-linked at three levels (1%, 3% and 5%) using sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP), and physicochemical properties were studied. Moreover, a comparative study was conducted among four samples of films prepared using native starch, cross-linked starch, and native and cross-linked starch loaded with fenugreek oil for physical, thermal, mechanical, morphological, and antibacterial properties. The solubility, swelling, and amylose content of native and modified starch varied from 11.25–12.75%, 12.91–15.10 g/g, and 8.97–16.55%, respectively. The values of these parameters were reduced as the concentration of STMP increased. Cross-linked starch films showed lower moisture, solubility, water vapor permeability(WVP), and elongation at break (EB) values while having higher thickness, opacity, thermal, and tensile strength values. The microscopic images of cross-linked starch films showed smooth surfaces and the absence of ridges, pores, and cracks. The films loaded with fenugreek oil showed different results; the moisture content, water solubility, and tensile strength were decreased while thickness, opacity, WVP, and EB were increased. The onset temperature and peak temperature were lower, while enthalpy of gelatinization was increased to a greater extent than films without oil. The addition of fenugreek oil to films showed a good inhibition area of 40.22% for native+oil films and 41.53% for cross-linked+oil films % against Escherichia coli. This study confirmed the successful utilization of fenugreek oil as a very effective antimicrobial agent in preparing edible films.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Characterization of Active Native and Cross-Linked Pearl Millet Starch-Based Film Loaded with Fenugreek Oil

Dhull

Punia

Deswal

et al. 2021

Foods

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“…(Motta et al, 2020) and the amylopectin in its composition is associated with the crystallinity of the granules (Jane, 2015). The main limitation of using soluble starch is its high degree of purity, increasing production cost (Nawaz et al, 2020). Usually, modified starches containing cationic and anionic groups are less sensitive for retrogradation and syneresis (Kaur & Singh, 2016) which makes them useful in the industry.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of non-stoichiometric hydroxyapatite nanoparticles using unmodified and modified starches

Perea

Silva

Freitas

et al. 2020

RSD

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Non-stoichiometric hydroxyapatite (HAp) presents an additional phase in its structure due to calcium or phosphorus excess, which can influence the material’s mechanical properties, as well as its bioactivity and biodegradability. While stoichiometric HAp, with calcium to phosphorus ratio (Ca/P) of 1.67, has been widely investigated, only a few studies have reported the synthesis of HAp with higher Ca/P ratio. In this work, non-stoichiometric HAp nanoparticles were synthesized using chemical precipitation method followed by a calcination protocol. In order to achieve better process control with chemical precipitation, starch, a natural additive, was applied. Three types of starch were selected for comparison: nonionic starch (NS), soluble starch (SS), and cationic starch (CS). Infrared spectroscopy and chemical analysis results confirmed the non-stoichiometric profile of the synthesized HAp, with a 1.98 Ca/P ratio. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that HAp and calcium oxide (CaO) crystalline phases were obtained and no residual starch was detected. Rietveld refinements confirmed that, for all three types of starch, the content of crystalline HAp was greater than 96.5% and the unit cell volume was not affected. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed agglomeration of particles. Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) results demonstrated that the use of SS produced the smallest particles (approximately 60nm).

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“…This was attributed to reduction of crystallinity. Nawaz et al [53] reported several factors that affect the chemical properties, phys-…”

Section: Tensile Strength (Ts) and Elongation At Break (%E)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology, Mechanical, and Water Barrier Properties of Carboxymethyl Rice Starch Films: Sodium Hydroxide Effect

et al. 2022

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Carboxymethyl rice starch films were prepared from carboxymethyl rice starch (CMSr) treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at 10–50% w/v. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of NaOH concentrations on morphology, mechanical properties, and water barrier properties of the CMSr films. The degree of substitution (DS) and morphology of native rice starch and CMSr powders were examined. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to investigate the chemical structure, crystallinity, and thermal properties of the CMSr films. As the NaOH concentrations increased, the DS of CMSr powders increased, which affected the morphology of CMSr powders; a polyhedral shape of the native rice starch was deformed. In addition, the increase in NaOH concentrations of the synthesis of CMSr resulted in an increase in water solubility, elongation at break, and water vapor permeability (WVP) of CMSr films. On the other hand, the water contact angle, melting temperature, and the tensile strength of the CMSr films decreased with increasing NaOH concentrations. However, the tensile strength of the CMSr films was relatively low. Therefore, such a property needs to be improved and the application of the developed films should be investigated in the future work.

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Physical and Chemical Modifications in Starch Structure and Reactivity

Cited by 60 publications

References 103 publications

Development and Characterization of Active Native and Cross-Linked Pearl Millet Starch-Based Film Loaded with Fenugreek Oil

Development and Characterization of Active Native and Cross-Linked Pearl Millet Starch-Based Film Loaded with Fenugreek Oil

Synthesis and characterization of non-stoichiometric hydroxyapatite nanoparticles using unmodified and modified starches

Morphology, Mechanical, and Water Barrier Properties of Carboxymethyl Rice Starch Films: Sodium Hydroxide Effect

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