Physical and Chemical Properties of GTL−Diesel Fuel Blends and Their Effects on Performance and Emissions of a Multicylinder DI Compression Ignition Engine

Wu, Tao; Huang, Zhen; Zhang, Wugao; Fang, Jinghuai; Yin, Qianqian

doi:10.1021/ef0606512

Cited by 80 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Figure 7 shows that the liquid length of a single injection of GTL fuel is a slightly shorter than that of diesel fuel because GTL has higher volatility than that of diesel fuel. These results are in agreement with Wu et al, who stated that 90% distillation temperature of GTL is lower than that of diesel (5) . In general, the results are in compliance with the fact that the lower the fuel volatility, the longer the liquid length (1) .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…But, the distillation temperature of GTL becomes lower than that of diesel with the percentage of distillation beyond 70%. Therefore, 90% distillation temperature of GTL is lower than that of diesel, indicating that GTL can evaporate easier and the liquid fuel length becomes shorter (5) . Although both researchers used Shell GTL fuel and the ASTM D86 method to determine GTL distillation curves, their experimental data on GTL distillation were slightly different.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visualization of Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) Fuel Liquid Length and Soot Formation in the Constant Volume Combustion Chamber

Azimov

Kim

2008

JTST

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In this research, GTL spray combustion was visualized in an optically accessible quiescent constant-volume combustion chamber. The results were compared with the spray combustion of diesel fuel. Fast-speed photography with direct laser sheet illumination was used to determine the fuel liquid-phase length, and shadowgraph photography was used to determine the distribution of the sooting area in the fuel jet. The results showed that the fuel liquid-phase length of GTL fuel jets stabilized at about 20-22mm from the injector orifice and mainly depended on the ambient gas temperature and fuel volatility. GTL had a slightly shorter liquid length than that of the diesel fuel. This tendency was also maintained when multiple injection strategy was applied. The penetration of the tip of the liquid-phase fuel during pilot injection was a little shorter than the penetration during main injection. The liquid lengths during single and main injections were identical. In the case of soot formation, the results showed that soot formation was mainly affected by air-fuel mixing, and had very weak dependence on fuel volatility.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualization of Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) Fuel Liquid Length and Soot Formation in the Constant Volume Combustion Chamber

Azimov

Kim

2008

JTST

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“…These include low content of sulfur compounds and NOx, coupled with the benefit of less aromatics left reducing the toxicity and the particulate matter generated when combustion. Focus also goes to the ability to diversify further to higher valued chemical products other than fuels, with a higher cetane number (70-80) allowing a superior performance for engine design (Hodge, 2003;Ijeomah, et al, 2008;Cooke, 2003;Jory, 2006;Kurevija, et al, 2007;Liu and You, 1999;Liu, et al, 2008;Rahmin, 2003;Weeden, et al, 2001;Wu, et al, 2007). Moreover, it tackles the problem of transportation of natural gas, and the products could be blended with refinery stock as superior diesel as an alternative way (Government of Qatar, 2007;Hall, 2005).…”

Section: ____________mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation, integration, and economic analysis of gas-to-liquid processes

Bao

El‐Halwagi

Elbashir

2010

Fuel Processing Technology

158

103

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Simulation, Integration, and Economic Analysis of Gas-to-Liquid Processes. (December 2008) Buping Bao, B.S., Zhejiang University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Mahmoud M. El-Halwagi Gas-to-liquid (GTL) process involves the chemical conversion of natural gas (or other gas sources) into synthetic crude that can be upgraded and separated into different useful hydrocarbon fractions including liquid transportation fuels. A leading GTL technology is the Fischer Tropsch process. The objective of this work is to provide a techno-economic analysis of the GTL process and to identify optimization and integration opportunities for cost saving and reduction of energy usage and environmental impact. First, a basecase flowsheet is synthesized to include the key processing steps of the plant. Then, computer-aided process simulation is carried out to determine the key mass and energy flows, performance criteria, and equipment specifications. Next, energy and mass integration studies are performed to address the following items: (a) heating and cooling utilities, (b) combined heat and power (process cogeneration), (c) management of process water, (c) optimization of tail-gas allocation, and (d) recovery of catalystsupporting hydrocarbon solvents. Finally, an economic analysis is undertaken to determine the plant capacity needed to achieve the break-even point and to estimate the return on investment for the base-case study. After integration, 884 million $/yr is saved from heat integration, 246 million $/yr from heat cogeneration, and 22 million $/yr from water management. Based on 128,000 barrels per day (BPD) of products, at least 68,000 BPD capacity is needed to keep the process profitable, with the return on investment (ROI) of 5.1%. Compared to 8 $/1000 SCF natural gas, 5 $/1000 SCF price can increase the ROI to 16.2%.

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“…Fewer studies have dealt with alternative fuels from other feedstock. These feedstock include straight vegetable oil [12], waste polystyrene [13], biomass [14]. Few studies examine the effect of blending of fuels derived from plastic with diesel.…”

Section: Fuel Blendingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extensive research has been carried out on the properties of alternative fuels and blends with petroleum diesel [3,9,[11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Blending -Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evaluation of Flash Point and Cold Filter Plugging Point with Blends of Diesel and Cyn-Diesel Pyrolysis Fuel for Automotive Engines

Murphy

Devlin²,

McDonnell³

2013

TOEFJ

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Abstract:The production of synthetic fuels from alternative sources has increased in recent years as a cleaner, more sustainable source of transport fuel is now required. The European Commission has outlined renewable energy targets pertaining to transport fuel which must be met by 2020. In response to these targets Ireland has committed, through the Biofuels Obligation Scheme of 2008, to producing 3% of transport fuels from biofuels by 2010 and 10% by 2020. In order to be suitable for sale in Europe, diesel fuels and biodiesels must meet certain European fuel specifications outlined in the EN 590:2009 standard. The aim of this paper was to prepare blends of varying proportions of synthetic diesel (Cyn-diesel) fuel, produced from the pyrolysis of plastic, vs regular fossil diesel. The flash point (°C) and cold filter plugging point (°C) of these blends as well as of the conventional petroleum diesel fuel were analysed in relation to compliance with the European fuel standard EN 590. The results confirmed that blending of Cyn-diesel with conventional petroleum diesel has a highly significant effect on the properties of the resulting fuel blend. The results show that by increasing the Cyn-diesel content of the blend, the flash point of the blend decreases and the cold filter plugging point increases. Furthermore, comparing the fuel blends to EN 590 specifications has highlighted significant trends. The cold filter plugging points of all of the fuel blends are in compliance with EN 590 specifications. However, only blends of up to, and including, 40% Cyn-diesel are in compliance with EN 590 specifications for flash point. This analysis shows that a blend of 40% Cyndiesel is in compliance with all of the EN 590 specifications examined, and as such could be placed on the European fuel market (provided that the blend meets the requirements for the other properties in the EN 590 specification). This finding highlights the potential for Cyn-diesel blends to be incorporated into the European and national renewable energy targets.

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Physical and Chemical Properties of GTL−Diesel Fuel Blends and Their Effects on Performance and Emissions of a Multicylinder DI Compression Ignition Engine

Cited by 80 publications

References 12 publications

Visualization of Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) Fuel Liquid Length and Soot Formation in the Constant Volume Combustion Chamber

Visualization of Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) Fuel Liquid Length and Soot Formation in the Constant Volume Combustion Chamber

Simulation, integration, and economic analysis of gas-to-liquid processes

The Evaluation of Flash Point and Cold Filter Plugging Point with Blends of Diesel and Cyn-Diesel Pyrolysis Fuel for Automotive Engines

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