Physical and Chemical Properties of MoP, Ni<sub>2</sub>P, and MoNiP Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts:  Time-Resolved X-ray Diffraction, Density Functional, and Hydrodesulfurization Activity Studies

Rodríguez, José A.; Kim, Jae-Yong; Hanson, Jonathan C.; Sawhill, Stephanie J.; Bussell, Mark E.

doi:10.1021/jp022639q

Cited by 204 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Namely, the passivation layer on MoP/SiO 2 has been completely removed. A recent time-resolved XRD study on the preparation of MoP and MoP/SiO 2 from oxide precursors suggested that the reduction of phosphate-type species (PO x ) is the final and determining step in the formation of MoP [20]. The 31 P MAS NMR results of MoP/SiO 2 [18] also indicated that surface phosphate species are formed upon passivation of a fresh MoP/SiO 2 sample and can be removed by a H 2 reduction at 673 K. Therefore, we can deduce that the passivated sample reduced above 873 K can be regarded as fresh MoP/SiO 2 , consistent with the results from CO adsorption (Fig.…”

Section: Surface Sites Of Mop/siomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the 1980s, transition metal nitride and carbide catalysts have been extensively studied and were found to have superior activities to traditional Mo sulfide catalysts in hydrotreating processes (both hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and hydrodenitrogenation (HDN)) [2][3][4][5]. More recently, transition metal phosphides prepared by temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) were reported to have high catalytic activity for both HDN [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] and HDS [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]19,20]. Among these phosphide catalysts, molybdenum phosphides (MoP, MoP/SiO 2 , and MoP/ Al 2 O 3 ) [6][7][8][9]14,15,[17][18][19] received the most attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the surface sites of MoP/SiO2 catalyst under sulfiding conditions: IR spectroscopy and catalytic reactivity studies

Sun

et al. 2004

Journal of Catalysis

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Section: Surface Sites Of Mop/siomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the surface sites of MoP/SiO2 catalyst under sulfiding conditions: IR spectroscopy and catalytic reactivity studies

Sun

et al. 2004

Journal of Catalysis

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“…Rodriguez, Bussell, et al reported that the final step of phosphidation is the reduction of the phosphate species. 16 These results indicate that the phosphate species formed from TPP would be more readily reduced than those formed from AHP. Therefore, the TPR spectra of the NMP catalysts prepared from different precursors were examined in order to compare the reducibility of the phosphate species.…”

mentioning

confidence: 85%

“…1 In particular, phosphide 16 and noble metal (NM) 79 catalysts are receiving much attention as new HDS catalysts. Additionally, noble metal phosphides (NM X P Y ), generally prepared from chlorides (Cl), have been reported.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Furthermore, PO x groups have been reduced in H 2 at high temperatures to form PH 3 . 2,3,16 Recently, it was reported that Pd addition facilitated the reduction of precursors to form Ni 2 P. 17 On the basis of these results, two sets of peaks were identified as follows. The peaks observed at lower temperatures (150400°C) are attributed to the reduction of P species that are interacting with NM.…”

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Preparation of Highly Active Noble Metal Phosphide Catalysts: Effect of Precursors on the Formation of the Active Phase and Hydrodesulfurization Activity

et al. 2013

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The effect of precursors on the active phase formation and hydrodesulfurization activities of noble metal phosphide catalysts was examined. The maximum activities of PdP and RhP catalysts prepared from acetylacetonato (acac) complex were observed at lower reduction temperatures than those for catalysts prepared from chlorides (Cl). The PdP catalyst prepared from acac also showed higher activity than that obtained from Cl. However, this trend was not observed in the RhP catalyst. The characterization results revealed that the higher activity of the PdP catalyst prepared from the acac is due to the highly dispersed Pd 4.8 P.The combustion of organic sulfur compounds in fuels used for boilers and engines results in the formation of sulfur oxides (SO X ). It is well known that SO X causes air pollution, acid rain, and the deactivation of automotive catalysts. Clean fuels are produced by the petroleum industry using hydrodesulfurization (HDS) processes. Recently, the development of new HDS catalysts that exhibit higher activity than commercial CoMo/ Al 2 O 3 catalysts have been claimed to produce cleaner fuels with low sulfur content. We reported that Rh 2 P and Pd 4.8 P showed higher catalytic activity than Ni 2 P and other NM X P Y (Ru and Pt).10 On the other hand, supported Pt catalysts prepared from acetylacetonato (acac) complexes have higher HDS activity than supported Pt catalysts prepared from other precursors.15 Thus, it may be possible to prepare highly active NM X P Y catalysts from acac complexes. In this study, the effect of precursors on the formation of NM X P Y (Pd 4.8 P and Rh 2 P) and its catalytic activity was examined in order to develop a new highly active HDS catalyst.Silica (SiO 2 , 295 m 2 g ¹1 ) was used as the catalyst support. P-added NM (NMP) catalysts were prepared using a previously described impregnation method. 10,12 The chloride precursors, RhCl 3 ¢3H 2 O and PdCl 2 , were dissolved in water and a 1.0 mol L ¹1 HCl solution, respectively. Ammonium dihydrogenphosphate (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 , AHP) was used for the preparation of NMP(Cl) catalysts. After impregnation, the catalysts were dried at 110°C for 24 h followed by heat treatment at 450°C in N 2 for 1 h to decompose the salts. The sieved catalysts (3042 mesh granules) were calcined in air at 500°C for 4 h (10°C min ¹1 ). The NMP(acac) catalysts were prepared using the same procedure but with acac complexes ([Rh(C 5 H 8 O 2 ) 3 ] and [Pd(C 5 H 7 O 2 ) 2 ]) dissolved in acetylacetone. In addition, triphenylphosphine ((C 6 H 5 ) 3 P, TPP) was used as the P precursor for the preparation of the NMP(acac) catalysts, because AHP does not dissolve in acetylacetone.The HDS of thiophene was performed using a fixed bed flow reactor under atmospheric pressure. The sieved catalyst (0.1 g) was treated in He at 500°C for 1 h, followed by reduction with H 2 at 350700°C for 1 h prior to the reaction. The HDS reaction was carried out using a mixture of H 2 and vaporized thiophene at 0°C, which was introduced into the quartz reactor at 350°C. The W/F of the...

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Progress on Emerging Ferroelectric Materials for Energy Harvesting, Storage and Conversion

Wei

Domingo

Sun

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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Since the discovery of Rochelle salt a century ago, ferroelectric materials have been investigated extensively due to their robust responses to electric, mechanical, thermal, magnetic, and optical fields. These features give rise to a series of ferroelectric‐based modern device applications such as piezoelectric transducers, memories, infrared detectors, nonlinear optical devices, etc. On the way to broaden the material systems, for example, from three to two dimensions, new phenomena of topological polarity, improper ferroelectricity, magnetoelectric effects, and domain wall nanoelectronics bear the hope for next‐generation electronic devices. In the meantime, ferroelectric research has been aggressively extended to more diverse applications such as solar cells, water splitting, and CO2 reduction. In this review, the most recent research progress on newly emerging ferroelectric states and phenomena in insulators, ionic conductors, and metals are summarized, which have been used for energy storage, energy harvesting, and electrochemical energy conversion. Along with the intricate coupling between polarization, coordination, defect, and spin state, the exploration of transient ferroelectric behavior, ionic migration, polarization switching dynamics, and topological ferroelectricity, sets up the physical foundation ferroelectric energy research. Accordingly, the progress in understanding of ferroelectric physics is expected to provide insightful guidance on the design of advanced energy materials.

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Physical and Chemical Properties of MoP, Ni₂P, and MoNiP Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts: Time-Resolved X-ray Diffraction, Density Functional, and Hydrodesulfurization Activity Studies

Abstract: For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.

Cited by 204 publications

References 65 publications

On the surface sites of MoP/SiO2 catalyst under sulfiding conditions: IR spectroscopy and catalytic reactivity studies

On the surface sites of MoP/SiO2 catalyst under sulfiding conditions: IR spectroscopy and catalytic reactivity studies

Preparation of Highly Active Noble Metal Phosphide Catalysts: Effect of Precursors on the Formation of the Active Phase and Hydrodesulfurization Activity

Progress on Emerging Ferroelectric Materials for Energy Harvesting, Storage and Conversion

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Physical and Chemical Properties of MoP, Ni2P, and MoNiP Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts: Time-Resolved X-ray Diffraction, Density Functional, and Hydrodesulfurization Activity Studies

Abstract: For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.

Cited by 204 publications

References 65 publications

On the surface sites of MoP/SiO2 catalyst under sulfiding conditions: IR spectroscopy and catalytic reactivity studies

On the surface sites of MoP/SiO2 catalyst under sulfiding conditions: IR spectroscopy and catalytic reactivity studies

Preparation of Highly Active Noble Metal Phosphide Catalysts: Effect of Precursors on the Formation of the Active Phase and Hydrodesulfurization Activity

Progress on Emerging Ferroelectric Materials for Energy Harvesting, Storage and Conversion

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Physical and Chemical Properties of MoP, Ni₂P, and MoNiP Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts: Time-Resolved X-ray Diffraction, Density Functional, and Hydrodesulfurization Activity Studies