Physical and Chemical Regularities of Water’s Composition Formation in Natural and Technogenic Geological Structures of Closed Coal Mines (“Water-Rock” Model Verification)

Abstract

The physical and chemical modelling helped to establish the regularities of the groundwater’s composition formation in the areas of coal mines that are being abandoned. We demonstrated that the unusual features of the composition of the subsurface waters in natural and technogenic structures of Russia and Ukraine resulted from “water–rock–gas” system’s chemical processes. “Aluminosilicates–water” system consecutively produces solutions corresponding to the HCO3–Ca → HCO3–Na(Mg) → HCO3–SO4–Na(Mg) → SO4–Na(Mg) series of changes in composition, “limestone-water” system produces solutions corresponding to the HCO3–Ca → Cl–Ca series, “dolomite-water” system consecutively produces aqueous solutions of the HCO3–Mg → Cl–Mg series, and “rock salt-water” system produces acidic Cl– Na type waters. We proved that water composition of technogenic complexes is determined by the features of geological structure of sedimentary basins, relations between reaction water masses and rocks (W/R), O2 and Co2 closeness-openness of W/R system.

Sources and Forms of Metals Accumulation in Coal-Bearing Deposits of the Southern Primorye: Validation of the “Granite-Water” Model

“…This work deals with the possibility of the hypothesis of ore mineralization in coals as a result of the destruction of rock-forming and accessory minerals of granites in the hypergenesis zone and extraction of elements by meteoric waters from the position of physical and chemical modeling, which has been previously used by the authors in studying the formation patterns of groundwater in the abandoned coal mine areas [10,11].…”