Abstract:Inguinal hernia repairs are among the most frequent operations performed worldwide. This study aims to provide further understanding of structural characteristics of hernia prostheses, and better comprehensive evaluation. Weight, porosity, pore size and other physical characteristics were evaluated; warp knitting structures were thoroughly discussed. Two methods referring to ISO 7198:1998, i.e., weight method and area method, were employed to calculate porosity. Porosity ranged from 37.3% to 69.7% measured by … Show more
“…The stitch density is largely affected by the filament diameter because finer filament diameter will produce larger stitch density. Moreover, if the stitch density and loop structure are identical, finer filament knitted fabric will also have higher porosity [18]. Figure 1.Diagram for measurement of stitch density of warp-knitted fabric.…”
Section: Textile Fundamentalsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, the total ratio of pores pixel values (porosity) to the total picture pixel values was calculated by Photoshop software. The area method was considered as the most suitable for evaluation of flat sheet mesh fabrics, while the weight method is the most appropriate for 3D structure mesh devices [18].…”
Section: Physical Properties Of Meshesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Currently, the use of knitted mesh for hernia repair is a common implantation method [10–13]. Each year 20 million meshes are being implanted to repair hernia in the world [7,14–17] and synthetic meshes are involved in 80% of hernia surgeries [18]. The most common textile implants are polypropylene, polyester, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE).…”
Mesh implantation for hernia repair is one of the common surgical techniques. The goal of this review is to highlight the basic requirements of mesh in order to select the most appropriate hernia mesh considering mesh type, physical properties and mechanical properties. Textile warp-knitted synthetic meshes have significantly decreased recurrence rate of hernia. Polypropylene light weight mesh with antimicrobial coating is taking attention of researchers due to its improved compliance, infection resistance, hydrophobicity, inert nature and strong material. Composite meshes have better tissue incorporation, reduced shrinkage and improved mechanical properties. The mesh porosity is an important factor to predict the biocompatibility of all meshes. Usually, large pore size meshes are better than small pore size meshes because of their flexibility, decreased shrinkage, reduced scar bridging and increased tissue ingrowth. All synthetic and composite meshes have higher strength than the human abdominal wall. Mesh type, mesh structure, mechanical properties and mesh implantation techniques are important factors for hernia repair. It is critical to understand the physical structure and mechanical properties of mesh material in relation to human abdominal wall. Moreover, mesh surface functionalization and grafting with plasma is a new development technique to enhance the loading of antimicrobial agent for the prevention of mesh infection.
“…The stitch density is largely affected by the filament diameter because finer filament diameter will produce larger stitch density. Moreover, if the stitch density and loop structure are identical, finer filament knitted fabric will also have higher porosity [18]. Figure 1.Diagram for measurement of stitch density of warp-knitted fabric.…”
Section: Textile Fundamentalsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, the total ratio of pores pixel values (porosity) to the total picture pixel values was calculated by Photoshop software. The area method was considered as the most suitable for evaluation of flat sheet mesh fabrics, while the weight method is the most appropriate for 3D structure mesh devices [18].…”
Section: Physical Properties Of Meshesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Currently, the use of knitted mesh for hernia repair is a common implantation method [10–13]. Each year 20 million meshes are being implanted to repair hernia in the world [7,14–17] and synthetic meshes are involved in 80% of hernia surgeries [18]. The most common textile implants are polypropylene, polyester, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE).…”
Mesh implantation for hernia repair is one of the common surgical techniques. The goal of this review is to highlight the basic requirements of mesh in order to select the most appropriate hernia mesh considering mesh type, physical properties and mechanical properties. Textile warp-knitted synthetic meshes have significantly decreased recurrence rate of hernia. Polypropylene light weight mesh with antimicrobial coating is taking attention of researchers due to its improved compliance, infection resistance, hydrophobicity, inert nature and strong material. Composite meshes have better tissue incorporation, reduced shrinkage and improved mechanical properties. The mesh porosity is an important factor to predict the biocompatibility of all meshes. Usually, large pore size meshes are better than small pore size meshes because of their flexibility, decreased shrinkage, reduced scar bridging and increased tissue ingrowth. All synthetic and composite meshes have higher strength than the human abdominal wall. Mesh type, mesh structure, mechanical properties and mesh implantation techniques are important factors for hernia repair. It is critical to understand the physical structure and mechanical properties of mesh material in relation to human abdominal wall. Moreover, mesh surface functionalization and grafting with plasma is a new development technique to enhance the loading of antimicrobial agent for the prevention of mesh infection.
“…Light weight polypropylene (PP) mesh implantation for hernia repair has been performed to reinforce damaged tissues of the abdominal wall [1]. The recurrence rate of repaired hernia has been reduced marginally by using synthetic PP implants [2][3][4].…”
Polypropylene (PP) large pore size nets have been most widely used implants for hernia repair. Nevertheless, the growth of bacteria within PP mesh pores after operation is a major reason of hernia recurrence. Secondly, pre-operative prophylaxis during mesh implantation has failed due to the hydrophobic nature of PP meshes. Herein, chitosan cross-linked and levofloxacin HCl incorporated, antimicrobial PP mesh devices were prepared using citric acid as a bio-based and green cross-linking agent. The inert PP mesh fibers were surface activated using O2 plasma treatment at low pressure. Then, chitosan of different molecular weights (low and medium weight) were cross-linked with O2 plasma activated surfaces using citric acid. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed that chitosan was cross-linked with O2 plasma-treated PP mesh surfaces and formed a thin layer of chitosan and levofloxacin HCl on the PP mesh surfaces. Moreover, antimicrobial properties of chitosan and levofloxacin HCl-coated PP meshes were investigated using an agar plate release method. The coated PP meshes demonstrated excellent antimicrobial inhibition zone up to 10 mm. Thus, modified PP meshes demonstrated sustained antimicrobial properties for six continuous days against Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Escherichia coli (EC) bacteria.
“…A hernia is a defect in the abdominal wall due to the "protrusion" of an organ [1,2]. However, repair of the hernia is a common practice to reinforce the operated muscles of the hernia to their original place with biomaterial [3]. For this reason, numerous bio-materials have been used to repair hernia [4], for example, gold sutures, silver wires, and nylon prosthetics, but the recurrence of hernia has been a major problem due to the improper selection of material and its design [5].…”
An ideal hernia mesh is one that absorbs drugs and withstands muscle forces after mesh implantation. Polypropylene (PP) mesh devices have been accepted as a standard material to repair abdominal hernia, but the hydrophobicity of PP fibers makes them unsuitable to carry drugs during the pre-implantation of PP meshes. In this study, for the first time, one-step functionalization of PP mesh surfaces was performed to incorporate bio-inspired polydopamine (PDA) onto PP surfaces. All PP mesh samples were dipped in the same concentration of dopamine solution. The surface functionalization of PP meshes was performed for 24 h at 37 °C and 80 rpm. It was proved by scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) results that a thin layer of PDA was connected with PP surfaces. Moreover, water contact angle results proved that surface functionalized PP meshes were highly hydrophilic (73.1°) in comparison to untreated PP mesh surfaces (138.5°). Thus, hydrophilic PP meshes with bio-inspired poly-dopamine functionalization could be a good choice for hernia mesh implantation.
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