Physical, chemical, and tensile properties of cashmere, mohair, alpaca, and other rare animal fibers

McGregor, B. A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-101272-7.00004-3

Cited by 33 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The results in Table 6 also showed that there was an agreement between VCF determined in this part and curvature levels provided by OFDA test. (29,30). Also, average tenacity for wool is given as 11.0-14.0 cN/tex while breaking elongation changes between 29.8%-42.9% (31).…”

Section: Analysis Of Visual Crimp Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Comparison of Physical Characteristics of Anatolian Native Goat Down Fibers With Cashmere

Göktepe

Canipek²,

Soysal

2019

Tekstil Ve Konfeksiyon

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Very fine and soft down fibers of native goats can have a potential as a valuable raw-material source for high-quality products. Therefore, down fibers were collected from native goats raised in different regions of Turkey, then their physical properties were analyzed and results were compared with cashmere fibers. Along with fiber diameter and fiber length, which are the most important parameters regarding spinnability of a textile fiber, fiber scale characteristics of Anatolian native goat down fibers were reported for the first time. In this respect, scale pattern, mean scale density, cuticle scale height, curvature, visual fiber crimp were analyzed as well as fiber tenacity and breaking elongation properties. The economical potential of these fibers in Turkey were also investigated. The findings of this work showed that average fiber fineness changed between 14-19 µm while the single fiber length varied as 33.0-61.0 mm. The mean scale density and cuticle scale height were between 6-7 scales/100 µm and 0.41-0.55 µm, respectively while the visual crimp frequency was 5-6 crimps/cm. On the other hand, the average tenacity and breaking elongation was above 12 cN/tex and 28%, respectively. These results show that these native goat down fibers, that have been wasted mostly, have very similar properties to cashmere fibers with adequate properties for spinnability, hence they have a potential for high-quality textile products as a substitute for cashmere fiber.

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Section: Analysis Of Visual Crimp Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Comparison of Physical Characteristics of Anatolian Native Goat Down Fibers With Cashmere

Göktepe

Canipek²,

Soysal

2019

Tekstil Ve Konfeksiyon

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“…McGregor and Tucker 45 reported that there is a direct relationship between nutrition and the chemical composition of fiber. The differences include an overall reduction in the percentage concentration of amino acids found in fibers for animals that had a reduced protein diet 46 . McGregor and Umar 47 reported that supplementing sheep diets showed a direct increase in the rate of fiber production as well as fiber diameter, whereas Russel and Redden 48 noted that supplementing the diets of alpacas gave a proportional increase in fiber length.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic identification of the keratin fibers of South American camelids by ambient ionization mass spectrometry: Vicuña, alpaca and guanaco

Price

Larrabure

Gonzales

et al. 2020

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Rationale The keratin fleece of the endangered vicuña (Vicugna vicugna) commands a high value in international markets, and this trade has caused illegal poaching and a substantial decrease in vicuña populations. Morphological analysis of hairs does not have the resolution to determine the species of origin of camelid natural fibers. In addition, commerce in camelid fleece also includes the legal trade of alpaca (Vicugna pacos) and guanaco (Lama guanicoe) wool. Methods The keratin fiber spectra of vicuña (n = 19), guanaco (n = 20) and alpaca (n = 20) were collected using X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry, Horizontal attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (HATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy and direct analysis in real time time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (DART‐TOFMS). Analysis with each technique evaluated the data to determine if the three taxa could be separated using either descriptive or multivariate statistics. Results XRF analysis showed that the elements detected and their relative concentrations were similar in all three species, whereas HATR‐FTIR analysis could identify alpaca fleece but could not differentiate vicuña from guanaco. Ions detected by ambient ionization using DART‐TOFMS, in either positive‐ or negative‐ion mode, gave the best results and showed that each taxonomic group is distinctive. Multivariate analysis of the mass spectra created robust models which resolved each species (LOOCV = 99.9%). The analyses of eight validation samples were correctly assigned to the appropriate species and demonstrated the reliability of DART‐TOFMS to infer taxonomic source. Conclusions The DART‐TOFMS spectra of unmodified keratin fibers infer that the chemotype of each species is heavily influenced by fatty acids, cholesterol and its analogs, and that these ions are useful in separating the fleece of vicuña, alpaca and guanaco. We posit that the etiological source of these chemotype differences is consistent with genetic modulations and is less influenced by diet. Accurate taxonomic identification of fleece is important to identify violations and assists in the protection of rare species.

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“…Fibers are extracted from the Cocoons which are the larvae of the insects undergoing complete metamorphosis. Silk fibers possess good mechanical properties such as high strength, extensibility, and compressibility (Yuan et al, 2010;Murugesh Babu, 2016;Castrillón Martínez et al, 2017;McGregor, 2018).…”

Section: Silk (Bombyx Mori)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Fibers as Sustainable and Renewable Resource for Development of Eco-Friendly Composites: A Comprehensive Review

2019

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The increase in awareness of the damage caused by synthetic materials on the environment has led to the development of eco-friendly materials. The researchers have shown a lot of interest in developing such materials which can replace the synthetic materials. As a result, there is an increase in demand for commercial use of the natural fiber-based composites in recent years for various industrial sectors. Natural fibers are sustainable materials which are easily available in nature and have advantages like low-cost, lightweight, renewability, biodegradability, and high specific properties. The sustainability of the natural fiber-based composite materials has led to upsurge its applications in various manufacturing sectors. In this paper, we have reviewed the different sources of natural fibers, their properties, modification of natural fibers, the effect of treatments on natural fibers, etc. We also summarize the major applications of natural fibers and their effective use as reinforcement for polymer composite materials.

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Physical, chemical, and tensile properties of cashmere, mohair, alpaca, and other rare animal fibers

Cited by 33 publications

References 35 publications

The Comparison of Physical Characteristics of Anatolian Native Goat Down Fibers With Cashmere

The Comparison of Physical Characteristics of Anatolian Native Goat Down Fibers With Cashmere

Forensic identification of the keratin fibers of South American camelids by ambient ionization mass spectrometry: Vicuña, alpaca and guanaco

Natural Fibers as Sustainable and Renewable Resource for Development of Eco-Friendly Composites: A Comprehensive Review

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