Physical–Chemical Properties, Droplet Size, and Efficacy of Dicamba Plus Glyphosate Tank Mixture Influenced by Adjuvants

Abstract

Dicamba plus glyphosate tank mixture have been largely adopted for postemergence weed control after the development of dicamba-tolerant crops. Ammonium sulfate is commonly used as water conditioner (WC) to increase glyphosate efficacy, but its use is restricted for dicamba herbicides. The use of non-AMS water conditioner and other adjuvants could be a way to optimize efficacy of this tank mixture while mitigating herbicide off-target movement. The objective of this study was to determine the physical–chemical properties and droplet size distribution of dicamba and glyphosate solutions with and without non-AMS WC alone and tank mixed with other adjuvants and evaluate the response of weed species to these solutions under greenhouse and field conditions. The adjuvants mostly increased density and viscosity and decreased contact angle and surface tension of herbicide solutions. In presence of WC, except for the adjuvants containing drift reducing agent, Dv0.5 decreased with the addition of adjuvants. Under greenhouse conditions, biomass reduction increased up to 47 and 33 percentage points for velvetleaf and c. waterhemp when adjuvants were added to solutions without WC, respectively. No increase in control of horseweed and Palmer amaranth was observed with the use of adjuvants under field conditions.

Synthesizing Laboratory and Field Experiments to Quantify Dominant Transformation Mechanisms of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) in Aquatic Environments

“…Herbicides, such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), − are directly applied to lakes to control nuisance plants, dosing the waterbody to homogeneous concentrations for weeks to months. ,− Despite its prevalent use in terrestrial environments, − little is known about 2,4-D fate in aquatic systems. Additionally, commercial formulations for terrestrial applications are often different than aquatic applications. − Observed 2,4-D half-lives in Wisconsin lakes range from 4 to 76 days (Table S1); ,, this wide range cannot be explained solely by lake physicochemical differences and can result in unintended exposure to nontarget organisms. Additionally, the extensive use of 2,4-D has led to increased herbicide resistance or tolerance within invasive aquatic plant populations, − underscoring the need for a mechanistic understanding of 2,4-D aquatic transformation processes.…”

Immobilization of lanthanide doped aluminate phosphor onto recycled polyester toward the development of long‐persistent photoluminescence smart window

“…The static contact angles [ 35 ] of the polyester plates were examined on OCA‐15EC (Dataphysics, Filderstadt, Germany).…”

Using tank‐mix adjuvant improves the physicochemical properties and dosage delivery to reduce the use of pesticides in unmanned aerial vehicles for plant protection in wheat

“…26 Tank-mix adjuvants can improve the physicochemical properties of spray dilutions, [27][28][29][30][31] change the spray droplet size, 27,28 reduce spray drift, 29 increase droplet spreading, 30 regulate droplet rebound, 31 and improve the effectiveness of pest control. 32,33 However, the effect of tank-mix adjuvants on the performance of spray dilutions and the composition of formulations (i.e. the amount of product used) is not well-studied in UAV-based plant protection for wheat.…”