Physical examination of the knee: A review of the original test description and scientific validity of common orthopedic tests

Malanga, Gerard A.; Andrus, Steven; Nadler, Scott F.; McLean, James

doi:10.1053/apmr.2003.50026

Cited by 229 publications

(149 citation statements)

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“…The qangle and tilting tests were reported by Fredericson and Yoon [31] and Selfe [33] and were found to have low reliability. Patellar compression was reported by Fredericson and Yoon [31] and Malanga et al [30]. The first authors reported low sensitivity and specificity.…”

Section: ! Figure 1 Flow Diagram Of Ror Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…From the 18 included studies, 7 were entitled as systematic reviews, another 7 as systematic review with meta-analysis, one as a critical review, one as an invited review and the other two as narrative reviews. The four studies which were not entitled as systematic [30][31][32][33] were included because they reported systematic methodology in the way the studies were gathered. However, their purpose was not to answer a single question, therefore in some cases the subject matter related to more than one of the research questions of the present review.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latter suggested this test without evidence provided. It is important to mention that the Malanga et al [30] study aimed to identify several clinical test of the knee; and some of them were for PFPS. Only Fredericson and Yoon [31] reported functional tests which were found to be highly reliable.…”

Section: ! Figure 1 Flow Diagram Of Ror Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Systematic Review of Reviews in Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome. Exploring the Risk Factors, Diagnostic Tests, Outcome Measurements and Exercise Treatment

Papadopoulos¹,

Stasinopoulos²,

Ganchev³

2015

TOSMJ

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Abstract:Background: Literature has shown a growing number of published studies on Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome every year. The increasing evidence base has revealed a significant number of reviews which makes it confusing for clinicians and researchers to choose from the best evidence. This study aimed to gather the reviews on Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome and provide information about the most common clinical tests, risk factors, exercise treatment and outcome measures. In addition, secondary questions aimed to report the study settings and patient characteristics of the primary included studies.Methods: Studies eligible for this Review of Reviews were those published from 1993 to July 2013. Databases searched included PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Pedro and the Cochrane Library. Four key areas were searched using the words: PFPS, Anterior Knee Pain (AKP) or Chondromalacia patella (CP), plus a keyword. The keywords for the four research topics were a) risk factors; b) exercise treatment; c) diagnostic clinical tests and d) psychometric outcome measurements. Only reviews with clear methodological strategy were included. A two-stage evaluation was performed in each review assessment. At first, the level of evidence was graded and then the methodological quality of each review was assessed.Results: Full text screening revealed that only 18 reviews were eligible for use. The selected reviews included 213 primary studies. After excluding duplicates, 144 primary studies were screened to answer the secondary questions. A gold standard clinical test for PFPS assessment cannot be reached and the use of functional tasks should be considered. The quadriceps strength deficits are still the only evidence based risk factors along with the dynamic malalignment of the lower limb. More research is still required on strength and flexibility deficits of other lower limb muscles. The quadriceps-based exercises are still the only ones to have strong evidence together with hamstrings, quadriceps, gastrocnemius and anterior hip muscles stretching. Finally, the usage of Activities of Daily Living Scale is recommended as the best outcome measure. Conclusion:There is no evidence on whether the above treatment and assessment methods should be used in sedentary people or differently across population groups or gender. More RCTs with large populations, powered correctly, in clinical environments are called for in further research.

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Section: ! Figure 1 Flow Diagram Of Ror Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Systematic Review of Reviews in Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome. Exploring the Risk Factors, Diagnostic Tests, Outcome Measurements and Exercise Treatment

Papadopoulos¹,

Stasinopoulos²,

Ganchev³

2015

TOSMJ

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“…The Lachman test is the ''gold standard'' physical exam assessment for ACL disruption, and is more sensitive than the Anterior Drawer test as menisci and condylar containment are not as much a factor in 30°of flexion [30][31][32][33][34]. Increased tibial excursion without an end point indicates ACL disruption.…”

Section: Physical Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

ACL Injury and Rehabilitation

Laskowski

2013

Curr Phys Med Rehabil Rep

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The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a primary restraint to anterior tibial translation and a significant contributor to both static and dynamic knee stability, especially for sports and activities that require deceleration and aggressive cutting and pivoting movements. ACL injuries have a significant impact on individual function and on the health care economy, and continue to be prevalent and disproportionate, affecting more women than men. Factors have been identified which can help predict success in non-operative treatment, and surgical procedures have advanced to the point of ensuring a reliable outcome with respect to joint stability. Rehabilitation interventions focus on enhancing lower extremity strength, stability, and neuromuscular control. Both operative and nonoperative treatment options, however, have been associated with an increased risk of later osteoarthritis. ACL prevention programs have attempted to correct flaws in movement patterns and neuromuscular control, but long-term data on the efficacy of these programs and of specific interventions are lacking.

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“…For example, since the anterior drawer test, the Lachman test, and the pivot shift test are three of the most commonly applied tests to determine an anterior cruciate ligament injury 16 , their results are expected to be very similar if not the same.…”

Section: Convergent Validitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance and clarification of measurement properties in rehabilitation

Gadotti¹,

Vieira²,

Magee³

2006

Rev. bras. fisioter.

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Objective: The purpose of this paper was to critically review the concepts and types of measurement reliability, validity, and responsiveness, and to discuss their implications for rehabilitation research and high-quality clinical practice. Method: A critical literature review considering the strengths, limitations, and appropriate applications of measurement properties in rehabilitation was conducted. Results and Discussion: Measurement quality is assessed using criteria such as reliability, validity, and responsiveness. Many published studies do not report these measurement properties, which are related, sometimes overlapping, and are frequently confused. This review paper clarifies the meanings of the concepts and types of reliability, validity, and responsiveness. It gives examples that are relevant for the field of rehabilitation. It discusses how the measurement properties interact with each other and influence the size of the effect and the power of studies. Conclusion: Measurements are essential in rehabilitation research and clinical evaluation. Measurement properties should be reported to allow readers to evaluate the quality of the results presented. The clarification of measurement properties provided in this paper may contribute towards standardizing definitions and improving the quality of rehabilitation research and clinical practice.Key words: measurements, reliability, validity, responsiveness, study power. RESUMO Importância e Esclarecimento das Propriedades de Medida em ReabilitaçãoObjetivo: O objetivo do presente artigo foi revisar criticamente os conceitos e tipos de confiabilidade, validade e responsividade de medidas, e discutir suas implicações para a pesquisa em reabilitação e para a prática clínica de qualidade. Método: Uma revisão crítica da literatura foi realizada considerando as vantagens, as limitações e o uso adequado das propriedades de medida em reabilitação. Resultados e Discussão: A qualidade das medidas é avaliada por critérios tais como confiabilidade, validade e responsividade. Muitos estudos publicados não apresentam estas propriedades de medida as quais estão relacionadas e algumas vezes sobrepõe-se sendo freqüentemente confundidas. Este artigo de revisão esclareceu os conceitos e tipos de confiabilidade, validade e responsividade. Exemplos relevantes para a área de reabilitação foram apresentados. Discutiu-se como as propriedades de medida interagem entre si e influenciam o tamanho do efeito e o poder dos estudos. Conclusões: Medidas são essenciais na pesquisa em reabilitação e na avaliação clínica. As propriedades de medida devem ser apresentadas para permitir que o leitor possa avaliar a qualidade dos resultados apresentados. Os esclarecimentos das propriedades de medida apresentados neste artigo podem contribuir para a padronização das definições e para a melhoria da qualidade da pesquisa em reabilitação e da prática clínica.Palavras-chave: medidas, confiabilidade, validade, responsividade, poder do estudo. 138Gadotti IC, Vieira ER, Magee DJ Rev. bras. fisioter.

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Physical examination of the knee: A review of the original test description and scientific validity of common orthopedic tests

Cited by 229 publications

References 70 publications

A Systematic Review of Reviews in Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome. Exploring the Risk Factors, Diagnostic Tests, Outcome Measurements and Exercise Treatment

A Systematic Review of Reviews in Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome. Exploring the Risk Factors, Diagnostic Tests, Outcome Measurements and Exercise Treatment

ACL Injury and Rehabilitation

Importance and clarification of measurement properties in rehabilitation

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