Physical exercise and mitochondrial function: New therapeutic interventions for psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders

Sun, Lin; Liu, Tianbiao; Liu, Jingqi; Gao, Chong; Zhang, Mengjie

doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.929781

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…There seems to be an overall assumption in the field of AHN, that new, adult-born neurons and their increased excitability and plasticity are essential for the normal function of the hippocampus. AHN has been related to most if not all hippocampal functions such as memory consolidation, reward learning, emotional contextualization, time stamping or even forgetting ( Kempermann, 2022 ) and alterations in AHN have been related to cognitive deficits associated to old age, neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and in many other neuropsychiatric disorders, from depression to autism ( Choi and Tanzi, 2019 ; Kerloch et al, 2019 ; Babcock et al, 2021 ; Bicker et al, 2021 ; Sun et al, 2022 ; Tartt et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling adult neurogenesis in the aging rodent hippocampus: a midlife crisis

Arellano,

Rakic

2024

Front. Neurosci.

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Contrary to humans, adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents is not controversial. And in the last three decades, multiple studies in rodents have deemed adult neurogenesis essential for most hippocampal functions. The functional relevance of new neurons relies on their distinct physiological properties during their maturation before they become indistinguishable from mature granule cells. Most functional studies have used very young animals with robust neurogenesis. However, this trait declines dramatically with age, questioning its functional relevance in aging animals, a caveat that has been mentioned repeatedly, but rarely analyzed quantitatively. In this meta-analysis, we use data from published studies to determine the critical functional window of new neurons and to model their numbers across age in both mice and rats. Our model shows that new neurons with distinct functional profile represent about 3% of the total granule cells in young adult 3-month-old rodents, and their number decline following a power function to reach less than 1% in middle aged animals and less than 0.5% in old mice and rats. These low ratios pose an important logical and computational caveat to the proposed essential role of new neurons in the dentate gyrus, particularly in middle aged and old animals, a factor that needs to be adequately addressed when defining the relevance of adult neurogenesis in hippocampal function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling adult neurogenesis in the aging rodent hippocampus: a midlife crisis

Arellano,

Rakic

2024

Front. Neurosci.

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“…Movement, in the form of endurance exercises ( 95 ), resistance training ( 96 ), or yoga ( 97 ) induce protective changes in biogenesis, fusion rates, volume, structure, and function of mitochondria, increasing the body’s overall bioenergetic capabilities ( 98 ). Notably, these changes, even when occurring most evidently within skeletal muscle, are also thought to underlie exercise-induced neuroprotection ( 99 ). At an epidemiological level, higher levels of physical exercise positively predict prosocial behavior among children and adolescents ( 100 , 101 ).…”

Section: Interventions For Treating and Preventing Lonelinessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breaking the vicious cycle: The interplay between loneliness, metabolic illness, and mental health

Ahmed

Cerda

Maloof³

2023

Front. Psychiatry

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Loneliness, or perceived social isolation, is a leading predictor of all-cause mortality and is increasingly considered a public health epidemic afflicting significant portions of the general population. Chronic loneliness is itself associated with two of the most pressing public health epidemics currently facing the globe: the rise of mental illness and metabolic health disorders. Here, we highlight the epidemiological associations between loneliness and mental and metabolic health disorders and argue that loneliness contributes to the etiology of these conditions by acting as a chronic stressor that leads to neuroendocrine dysregulation and downstream immunometabolic consequences that manifest in disease. Specifically, we describe how loneliness can lead to overactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and ultimately cause mitochondrial dysfunction, which is implicated in mental and metabolic disease. These conditions can, in turn, lead to further social isolation and propel a vicious cycle of chronic illness. Finally, we outline interventions and policy recommendations that can reduce loneliness at both the individual and community levels. Given its role in the etiology of the most prevalent chronic diseases of our time, focusing resources on alleviating loneliness is a vitally important and cost-effective public health strategy.

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“…The homeostasis of mitochondrial function appears to be linked to neural plasticity and the effects of physical activity. Sun et al (2022) summarized the evidence in a review study where they point out that preventive physical activity for psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders is efficient due to its effect on mitochondrial and neurogenic functions [ 276 ]. The effects of physical activity on neural and metabolic properties are not yet fully understood, but there is strong evidence that physical activity might decrease the inflammatory process, strength the neurogenesis and induce neuroprotective effects [ 276 , 277 ].…”

Section: Individual Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interdisciplinary Approaches to Deal with Alzheimer’s Disease—From Bench to Bedside: What Feasible Options Do Already Exist Today?

Ablinger¹,

Dressel

Rott³

et al. 2022

Biomedicines

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Alzheimer’s disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the western population. The incidence of this disease increases with age. Rising life expectancy and the resulting increase in the ratio of elderly in the population are likely to exacerbate socioeconomic problems. Alzheimer’s disease is a multifactorial disease. In addition to amyloidogenic processing leading to plaques, and tau pathology, but also other molecular causes such as oxidative stress or inflammation play a crucial role. We summarize the molecular mechanisms leading to Alzheimer’s disease and which potential interventions are known to interfere with these mechanisms, focusing on nutritional approaches and physical activity but also the beneficial effects of cognition-oriented treatments with a focus on language and communication. Interestingly, recent findings also suggest a causal link between oral conditions, such as periodontitis or edentulism, and Alzheimer’s disease, raising the question of whether dental intervention in Alzheimer’s patients can be beneficial as well. Unfortunately, all previous single-domain interventions have been shown to have limited benefit to patients. However, the latest studies indicate that combining these efforts into multidomain approaches may have increased preventive or therapeutic potential. Therefore, as another emphasis in this review, we provide an overview of current literature dealing with studies combining the above-mentioned approaches and discuss potential advantages compared to monotherapies. Considering current literature and intervention options, we also propose a multidomain interdisciplinary approach for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease patients that synergistically links the individual approaches. In conclusion, this review highlights the need to combine different approaches in an interdisciplinary manner, to address the future challenges of Alzheimer’s disease.

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Physical exercise and mitochondrial function: New therapeutic interventions for psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders

Cited by 12 publications

References 107 publications

Modelling adult neurogenesis in the aging rodent hippocampus: a midlife crisis

Modelling adult neurogenesis in the aging rodent hippocampus: a midlife crisis

Breaking the vicious cycle: The interplay between loneliness, metabolic illness, and mental health

Interdisciplinary Approaches to Deal with Alzheimer’s Disease—From Bench to Bedside: What Feasible Options Do Already Exist Today?

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