Physical Fitness and Body Composition after a 9-Month Deployment to Afghanistan

Sharp, Marilyn A.; Knapik, Joseph J.; Walker, Leila A.; Burrell, Lolita M.; Frykman, Peter; Darakjy, Salima; Lester, M.; Marin, Roberto

doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e318176b978

Cited by 80 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Because high-impact activities such as jumping or hopping could produce harmful friction or shear forces at the stump/socket interface, potentially causing damage to healing or recently healed tissues, traditional sports performance measures that require jumping (Vertical Jump Test [6][7][8], 5 Jump Horizontal Test [10]), hopping (Hexagon Test [9,21], Single Hop [16,22] Coordination, power, speed, and agility are important physical components necessary for successful performance in sports, recreational activities, and combat readiness [9,17]. In order to assess coordination, power, speed, and agility in SMs with LLL, it was essential that the tests determine how quickly an individual could move a certain distance, start and stop, change directions, and efficiently change body position [17].…”

Section: Champ Development and Item Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MBP is a standard measure of upper-body power [8]. It was assumed that SMs with LLL and without upper-limb amputation at peak fitness prior to LLL would demonstrate upper-body power equivalent to their peers without LLL.…”

Section: Champ Development and Item Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sports literature is replete with outcome measures that assess the different physical performance factors required for high-level mobility: balance, postural stability, coordination, power, speed, and agility [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. These physical performance factors are essential to the SM's role as a tactical athlete when performing highlevel activities such as running, sports, and preparing for military maneuvers [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and reliability testing of the Comprehensive High-Level Activity Mobility Predictor (CHAMP) in male servicemembers with traumatic lower-limb loss

et al. 2013

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Abstract-The opportunity for wounded servicemembers (SMs) to return to high-level activity and return to duty has improved with advances in surgery, rehabilitation, and prosthetic technology. As a result, there is now a need for a high-level mobility outcome measure to assess progress toward high-level mobility during and after rehabilitation. The purpose of this study was to develop and determine the reliability of a new outcome measure called the Comprehensive High-Level Activity Mobility Predictor (CHAMP). The CHAMP consists of the Single Limb Stance, Edgren Side Step Test, T-Test, and Illinois Agility Test. CHAMP reliability was determined for SMs with lower-limb loss (LLL) (interrater: n = 118; test-retest: n = 111) and without LLL (n = 97). A linear system was developed to combine the CHAMP items and produce a composite score that ranges from 0 to 40, with higher scores indicating better performance. Interrater and test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient values for the CHAMP were 1.0 and 0.97, respectively. A CHAMP score equal to or greater than 33 points is within the range for SMs without LLL. The CHAMP was found to be a safe and reliable measure of high-level mobility in SMs with traumatic LLL.Key words: agility, high-level activity, lower-limb loss, military personnel, mobility, OIF/OEF, outcome measures, reliability, traumatic amputation, Veterans.

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Section: Champ Development and Item Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Champ Development and Item Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and reliability testing of the Comprehensive High-Level Activity Mobility Predictor (CHAMP) in male servicemembers with traumatic lower-limb loss

et al. 2013

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“…Soldiers deployed to combat theater are often exposed to physical and cognitive stressors, such as ascent to altitude, heavy load carriage, long periods of reduced sleep, and exposure to high ambient temperatures (Lieberman et al 2005;Nindl et al 2013). During deployment, soldiers also sometimes reduce their aerobic training but increase frequency of strength training to maintain lean body mass (Sharp et al 2008;Lester et al 2010). In addition, the nature and availability of food differs in combat theaters compared with more permanent facilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soldier use of dietary supplements, including protein and body building supplements, in a combat zone is different than use in garrison

Austin

McLellan

Farina

et al. 2016

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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United States Army personnel in garrison who are not deployed to combat theater report using dietary supplements (DSs) to promote health, increase physical and mental strength, and improve energy levels. Given the substantial physical and cognitive demands of combat, DS use may increase during deployment. This study compared DS use by garrison soldiers with DS use by personnel deployed to a combat theater in Afghanistan. Prevalence and patterns of DS use, demographic factors, and health behaviors were assessed by survey (deployed n = 221; garrison n = 1001). Eighty-two percent of deployed and 74% of garrison soldiers used DSs ≥1 time·week -1 . Logistic regression analyses, adjusted for significant demographic and health predictors of DS use, showed deployed personnel were more likely than garrison soldiers to use protein, amino acids, and combination products. Deployed females were more likely to use protein supplements and deployed males were more likely to use multivitamins, combination products, protein, and body building supplements than garrison respondents. Significantly more deployed (17%) than garrison (10%) personnel spent more than $50•month -1 on DSs. Higher protein supplement use among deployed personnel was associated with higher frequency of strength training and lower amounts of aerobic exercise for males but similar amounts of strength training and aerobic exercise for females. Protein supplements and combination products are used more frequently by deployed than garrison soldiers with the intent of enhancing strength and energy.Key words: vitamins, minerals, military, warfare, exercise, sex differences, strength training, aerobic training. Mots-clés : vitamines, minéraux, militaire, guerre, exercice physique, différences liées au sexe, entraînement à la force, entraînement aérobie.

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“…(1) body composition (2) and subsequent health. A diet that is insufficient in fruit and vegetables (F&V) reflects poor dietary quality and has been shown to result in higher estimates of net endogenous acid production (NEAP),…”

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confidence: 99%

Fruit and vegetable intake of a British Army Battalion deployed to Afghanistan – preliminary findings

et al. 2014

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Understanding the nutritional demands placed on serving military personnel is critical to inform training and food provision. Soldiers deployed to Afghanistan face austere living and working environments. It has been purported that deployment can result in detrimental changes to dietary intake,(1) body composition (2) and subsequent health. A diet that is insufficient in fruit and vegetables (F&V) reflects poor dietary quality and has been shown to result in higher estimates of net endogenous acid production (NEAP),which may result in negative effects on musculoskeletal health (4,5) and increased risk of chronic disease.F&V intakes of soldiers (n 20) from a British Army battalion were assessed pre and during a deployment to Afghanistan, and examined relative to NEAP estimates and changes in body composition. Dietary intakes were recorded using 4-day food diaries, from which F&V intakes were calculated using standard portion sizes. NEAP estimates were determined from protein and potassium intakes. Body composition changes were assessed from skinfold measurements, and Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated from body mass and height measurements. Differences between pre and during deployment measures were assessed by Wilcoxon matched pairs tests.Soldiers' intakes of F&V were below the recommended five portions per day (7) (P < 0.001) and below the national average intake in the UK.(8) Intakes did not differ between pre and during deployment (Table 1). Estimated dietary NEAP was higher during deployment than pre-deployment (P < 0.001). This was associated with a decrease in potassium intake (P < 0.001) rather than a change in protein consumption. No associations were evident between F&V intakes and dietary acid load pre or during deployment. These dietary behaviours were evident in the face of decreases (P < 0.001) in body mass, BMI and skinfold thickness between pre and during deployment, but static lift strength improved (P < 0.01).F&V intake of deploying soldiers was less than current Government guidelines.(7) Estimated NEAP increased and physical status decreased during deployment compared with pre-deployment; ongoing research is evaluating the physiological significance of these findings in a larger study sample. Ministry of Defence nutritional education initiatives are promoting improvements in dietary intake of personnel to support both operational capability, and longer term health.

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Physical Fitness and Body Composition after a 9-Month Deployment to Afghanistan

Cited by 80 publications

References 7 publications

Development and reliability testing of the Comprehensive High-Level Activity Mobility Predictor (CHAMP) in male servicemembers with traumatic lower-limb loss

Development and reliability testing of the Comprehensive High-Level Activity Mobility Predictor (CHAMP) in male servicemembers with traumatic lower-limb loss

Soldier use of dietary supplements, including protein and body building supplements, in a combat zone is different than use in garrison

Fruit and vegetable intake of a British Army Battalion deployed to Afghanistan – preliminary findings

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