Physical fitness status modulates the inflammatory proteins in peripheral blood and circulating monocytes: role of PPAR-gamma

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze the metabolic and molecular profile according to physical fitness status (Low or High VO 2max ) and its impacts on peripheral and cellular inflammatory responses in healthy men. First ( Phase I) , inflammatory profile (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10) was analyzed at baseline and post-acute exercise sessions performed at low (< 60% VO 2max ) and high (> 90% VO 2max ) intensities considering the individual endotoxin concentrations. Next ( Phase II), monocyte cell cultures were treated with LPS alone or associated with Rosiglitazone (PPAR-γ agonist drug) to analyze cytokine production and gene expression. Monocyte subsets were also evaluated by flow cytometry. A positive relationship was observed between LPS concentrations and oxygen uptake (VO 2max ) (r = 0.368; p = 0.007); however, in the post-exercise an inverse correlation was found between LPS variation (Δ%) and VO 2max (r = -0.385; p = 0.004). With the low-intensity exercise session, there was inverse correlation between LPS and IL-6 concentrations post-exercise (r = -0.505; p = 0.046) and a positive correlation with IL-10 in the recovery (1 h post) (r = 0.567; p = 0.011), whereas with the high-intensity exercise an inverse correlation was observed with IL-6 at pre-exercise (r = -0.621; p = 0.013) and recovery (r = -0.574; p = 0.016). When monocyte cells were treated with LPS, High VO 2max individuals showed higher PPAR-γ gene expression whereas Low VO 2max individuals displayed higher IL-10 production. Additionally, higher TLR-4, IKK1, and PGC-1α gene expression were observed in the High VO 2max group than Low VO 2max individuals. In conclusion, even with elevated endotoxemia, individuals with High VO 2max exhibited higher IL-6 concentration in peripheral blood post-acute aerobic exercise and lower IL-10 concentration during recovery (1 h post-exercise). The anti-inflammatory effects linked with exercise training and physical fitness status may be explained by a greater gene expression of IKK1, TLR-4, and PGC-1α, displaying an extremely efficient cellular framework for the PPAR-γ responses.

Molecular RNA Correlates of the SOFA Score in Patients with Sepsis

“…Genetic variations in the PPARG gene were linked to the outcome of sepsis and PPARG was suggested as a novel biomarker for sepsis [21]. The PPAR family exerts anti-inflammatory activities in immune cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and monocytes [22]. Angiotensin II, a vasopressor used in refractory septic shock [23], inhibits PPARG activity, thereby increasing blood pressure [24].…”

Sex-Specific Relationship between the Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Plasma Metabolite Patterns in Healthy Humans—Results of the KarMeN Study

“…Acetate is either directly formed from pyruvate, providing a source for acetyl-coenzyme A [ 53 ], or can be produced by the intestinal microbiota, finally entering circulation [ 54 ]. It has been suggested that a higher PF is linked to a greater abundance of gut bacteria with positive health effects, being reflected in the release of fermentation metabolites like acetate [ 55 , 56 ]. In addition to its anti-inflammatory and vasodilatory properties [ 54 ], acetate has been proposed as an important energy substrate during endurance exercise in mice [ 57 ].…”

Adipocyte Biology from the Perspective of In Vivo Research: Review of Key Transcription Factors

“…Adipocyte transcriptional activity is influenced by lifestyle factors, such as physical exercise. Early work in this field showed that exercise can upregulate the production of endogenous ligands of PPARγ, thereby increasing its transcriptional activity [ 123 ], while recent studies have shown that physical activity is associated with a direct increase in PPARγ expression [ 124 ]. The same is true for CEBP isoforms, as a strong negative correlation has been reported between exercise intensity and the expression of CEBPA and CEBPB in the obese state [ 125 ].…”