Physical frailty predicts medical expenses in community-dwelling, elderly patients: Three-year prospective findings from living profiles of older people surveys in Korea

Son, Jongyeon; Kim, S.Y.; Won, Chang Won; Choi, Hyun Rim; Kim, B.S.; Park, M.S.

doi:10.1016/j.eurger.2015.05.003

Cited by 42 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The proportion of the aged in the population is projected to increase to 24.5% by 2030 and 41.0% by 2060 1. The percentage of the population older than 75 years is estimated to reach 10.0% by 2030 and 25.9% by 2060, with the percentage of the population aged 85 years and older predicted to increase to 2.8% and 11.2% by these dates, respectively 1 2. Ageing of the population is accompanied by increased rates of multimorbidity along with increased need for social support, as well as increased burden on families and public health medical expenditure 3 4.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Korean frailty and aging cohort study (KFACS): cohort profile

et al. 2020

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PurposeThe purpose of the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS) is to initiate a nationwide, population-based prospective cohort study of older adults living in the community to assess their frailty status and explore transitions between frailty states over time in Korea.ParticipantsThe KFACS is a multicentre longitudinal study with the baseline survey conducted from May 2016 to November 2017. Each centre recruited participants using quota sampling stratified by age and sex. The number of participants recruited through 2 years of baseline study from 10 centres was 3014, with each site accounting for approximately 300 participants. The inclusion criteria were: having an age of 70–84 years, currently living in the community, having no plans to move out in the next 2 years, having no problems with communication and no prior dementia diagnosis.Findings to dateTo define physical frailty, the KFACS used a modified version of the Fried Frailty Phenotype (FFP) consisting of five components of frailty: unintended weight loss, weakness, self-reported exhaustion, slowness and low physical activity. In the baseline study of 2016–2017, 2907 of 3014 individuals fulfilled all five components of FFP. The results indicated that 7.8% of the participants (n=228) were frail, 47.0% (n=1366) were prefrail and 45.2% (n=1313) were robust. The prevalence of frailty increased with age in both sexes; in the group aged 70–74 years, 1.8% of men and 3.7% of women were frail, whereas in the 80–84 years age group, 14.9% of men and 16.7% of women were frail. Women tended to exhibit a higher prevalence of frailty than men in all age groups.Future plansThe KFACS plans to identify outcomes and risk factors associated with frailty by conducting a 10-year cohort study, with a follow-up every 2 years, using 3014 baseline participants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Korean frailty and aging cohort study (KFACS): cohort profile

et al. 2020

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“… Low physical activity: energy expenditure estimates (kcal/week) were calculated for various activities, and metabolic equivalent scores were derived using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Low physical activity level was defined as <494.65 kcal for men and <283.50 kcal for women, with these values corresponding to 20% of the total energy consumed in a population-based Korean survey of older adults from among the general population [ 22 ]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calf Circumference as a Screening Tool for Cognitive Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS)

Kim

Jeong

Yoo

et al. 2018

JCM

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The aim of this study was to examine calf circumference in relation to cognitive frailty in community-dwelling older adults. Cross-sectional analysis was performed on the first-year baseline data of 1559 adults aged 70–84 years enrolled in the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. The final analysis included 1221 adults who were non-dependent in terms of instrumental activities of daily living, who underwent frailty and cognitive function assessments. Physical frailty was defined using the Fried Frailty Index. Cognitive impairment was defined as a score 1.5 standard deviations below the age-, sex- and education-matched norms on any of four cognitive-function tests. The prevalence of cognitive frailty was 2.8% for men and 3.8% for women. After adjusting for potential confounders, in comparison to the “physically robust without cognitive impairment” group, the estimates of increased odds ratios (ORs) for low calf circumference (<32 cm) were much greater in the prefrail with cognitive impairment (OR 4.62, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.02–10.61) and frail with cognitive impairment (OR 10.94, 95% CI: 2.87–41.68) groups in men but not in women. Low calf circumference was strongly related to cognitive frailty in men only, suggesting calf circumference can be used as an indicator of these outcomes.

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“…For low physical activity level, one point was given for physical activity happening below 494.65 kcal per week for men and below 283.50 kcal per week for women, according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. These values correspond to the lowest 20% of the gender-specific total energy consumed in a general population-based survey of older adults [25]. Participants with a total score of three points or more were classified as frail, those with one to two points were classified as prefrail, and those with zero points were classified as robust.…”

Section: Definition Of Frailtymentioning

confidence: 96%

What are the illnesses associated with frailty in community-dwelling older adults: the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study

Kim

Jung

Won

2020

Korean J Intern Med

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Background/Aims: Frailty is mainly due to an age-related decrease in the physiological reserves needed to maintain biological homeostasis, but it can also occur as a result of chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was to identify illnesses associated with frailty in Korean community-dwelling older adults. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that included 2,936 older adults aged between 70 and 84 years who had completed both interviews and physical function assessments for the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. Current illnesses diagnosed by physicians were included in the analysis. The definition of frailty was derived from the Fried frailty phenotype. Results: The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), arthritis, osteoporosis, urinary incontinence, and lung disease (including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic bronchitis) was higher in the frail group (p < 0.05). After adjusting for age, sex, physical activity, alcohol, smoking, education, and presence of a spouse, the odds ratios for DM and urinary incontinence in frailty were 1.51 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10 to 2.01; p = 0.01) and 1.88 (95% CI, 1.11 to 3.18; p = 0.02). Conclusions: In Korean community-dwelling older adults, DM and urinary incontinence were associated with frailty after adjusting for various factors. In the future, the list of comorbid diseases that are appropriate for Korean population-specific frailty assessment should be inventoried.

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Physical frailty predicts medical expenses in community-dwelling, elderly patients: Three-year prospective findings from living profiles of older people surveys in Korea

Cited by 42 publications

References 18 publications

Korean frailty and aging cohort study (KFACS): cohort profile

Korean frailty and aging cohort study (KFACS): cohort profile

Calf Circumference as a Screening Tool for Cognitive Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS)

What are the illnesses associated with frailty in community-dwelling older adults: the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study

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