Physical-layer security for indoor visible light communications

Mostafa, Ayman; Lampe, Lutz

doi:10.1109/icc.2014.6883837

Cited by 111 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…For a single AU, a large body of work in the literature proposed various PLS techniques that aim to provide secure communications, for both cases of single ED [67]- [81] and multiple EDs [82]- [86]. In the following, both cases of single and multiple EDs will be studied, respectively.…”

Section: A Single Aumentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical Layer Security for Visible Light Communication Systems: A Survey

Arfaoui

Soltani

Tavakkolnia

et al. 2020

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

169

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Due to the dramatic increase in high data rate services and in order to meet the demands of the fifth-generation (5G) networks, researchers from both academia and industry are exploring advanced transmission techniques, new network architectures and new frequency spectrum such as the visible light and the millimeter wave (mmWave) spectra. Visible light communication (VLC) particularly is an emerging technology that has been introduced as a promising solution for 5G and beyond, owing to the large unexploited spectrum, which translates to significantly high data rates. Although VLC systems are more immune against interference and less susceptible to security vulnerabilities since light does not penetrate through walls, security issues arise naturally in VLC channels due to their open and broadcasting nature, compared to fiber-optic systems. In addition, since VLC is considered to be an enabling technology for 5G, and security is one of the 5G fundamental requirements, security issues should be carefully addressed and resolved in the VLC context. On the other hand, due to the success of physical layer security (PLS) in improving the security of radio-frequency (RF) wireless networks, extending such PLS techniques to VLC systems has been of great interest. Only two survey papers on security in VLC have been published in the literature. However, a comparative and unified survey on PLS for VLC from information theoretic and signal processing point of views is still missing. This paper covers almost all aspects of PLS for VLC, including different channel models, input distributions, network configurations, precoding/signaling strategies, and secrecy capacity and information rates. Furthermore, we propose a number of timely and open research directions for PLS-VLC systems, including the application of measurement-based indoor and outdoor channel models, incorporating user mobility and device orientation into the channel model, and combining VLC and RF systems to realize the potential of such technologies.

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Section: A Single Aumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the case of continuous signaling schemes, beamforming was employed in [67]- [70]. With beamforming, the transmitted signal is expressed as s = vu, where u denotes the confidential message intended to the AU and v denotes its associated beamforming vector.…”

Section: A Single Aumentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Layer Security for Visible Light Communication Systems: A Survey

Arfaoui

Soltani

Tavakkolnia

et al. 2020

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

169

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show abstract

“…Problem lainnya adalah ketika jumlah LED pada ruangan lebih dari satu dan kesemuanya memanfaatkan enkripsi data sehingga daerah antar LED atau interseption area tidak dapat perform dengan baik, ilustrasi ditunjukkan pada Gambar 20 [31] Berikutnya Y. Liu, dkk [38] melakukan penelitian dengan skema LED ke mobile device dengan memanfaatkan kamera pada ponsel, pada skema tersebut diatur bagaimana agar data-data informasi hanya dapat diterima oleh user yang memiliki key. Data yang dikirim adalah berupa image dengan metode pemisahan pixel dan grayscale level.…”

Section: F Penggunaan Kriptografi Untuk Mengamankanunclassified

Kajian Aspek Security pada Jaringan Informasi dan Komunikasi Berbasis Visible Light Communication

Fuada

2017

INFOTEL

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Abstrak -Penerapan visible light communication (VLC) berlandaskan pada pedoman IEEE 802.15.17 yang mana aturan tersebut baru dirancang dalam waktu 5 tahun belakangan ini (sejak tahun 2009), didalamnya meliputi standar layer fisik (physical layer) dan layer MAC (medium access control). Sebagaimana teknologi komunikasi pada umumnya, VLC juga menyediakan akses security yang dibahas pada bagian layer MAC. Namun pada praktiknya masih belum begitu masif dilakukan oleh para peneliti. Hal ini sangat wajar karena mengingat VLC merupakan teknologi yang sedang dalam tahap pengembangan, yang menjadikan penelitian VLC umumnya berfokus pada 'bagaimana meningkatkan speed dari keterbatasan komponen-komponen pembangun (IC, photodiode, LED, transistor) yang tersedia saat ini. Tantangan teknologi VLC selain target peningkatan kecepatan bit-rate, mobility communication, mengurangi interference noise, menyediakan layanan multi-acces juga salah satunya adalah isu security. Makalah ini merupakan studi literature (review paper) yang didapatkan dari dokumendokumen hasil peneltian baik di jurnal dan conference terkait dengan praktik-praktik security VLC yang pernah dilakukan dengan skema indoor maupun outdoor. Kata kunci -VLC, Security, Komunikasi dan Informasi, ReviewAbstract -Implementing VLC system is based on IEEE 802.15.17 standard where this guideline was designed within the past 5 years ago (since 2009), this guideline covers standard of physical layer (PHY) and medium access control layer (MAC). As communication technology in general, VLC provide security acces which discuss in MAC layer part. However in real practice, we found that they haven't been massively conducted by researchers in the world. The reality is very reasonable due to this technology is under development, it can make VLC studies commonly are focus on "how to increase the speed of VLC with limitations components which are available at this time (such as ICs, photodiodes, LEDs, transistors, etc.)". VLC technology challenges, not only 1) to increase the speed of bit-rate, 2) serve mobility communication, 3) reduce noise interference, 4) providing multi-service acces, but also how to implement security issues in VLC. This paper is a study of literature (review paper) which are obtained from the scientific documents from journals and conferences related to security practices VLC both for indoor and outdoor schemes. Haas di tahun 2011 tentang Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) pada forum TEDx menujukkan bahwa terobosan teknologi ini dapat dijadikan alternatif komunikasi masa depan yang mana memiliki kelebihan dibandingkan teknologi komunikasi wireless lain seperti infra-red, fiber-optic dan radio frequency, yakni bebas regulasi, cakupan bandwidth yang lebih besar, aman untuk kesehatan dan masih banyak yang lainnya. Sifat dari visible light adalah tidak dapat menembus objek padat seperti

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“…Mostafa and Lampe addressed secure VLC link at the physical layer [10] by investigating the achievable secrecy rates of a Gaussian wiretap channel. Cho et al [11] investigated secrecy outage probability of the downlink for VLC.…”

Section: Wireless Communications and Mobile Computingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secrecy Dimming Capacity in Multi-LED PAM-Based Visible Light Communications

Kim

2017

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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Recently, mobile cloud computing (MCC) has gained a lot of interest for researchers building the next-generation mobile applications. Because unauthorized access may cause serious problems, security and privacy with MCC have become significant issues. This paper addresses the secrecy dimming capacity of secure transmission in MCC over visible light communication (VLC) channels. By obtaining the entropy-maximizing symbol probability of multiple light emitting diode-(LED-) based pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), mathematical analysis of the secrecy dimming capacity of VLC was derived. Simulation results show that the secure transmission ability of multi-LED-based VLC is determined according to the number of activated LEDs and target dimming level. This can be a guideline for practical VLC-based mobile network designers intending to secure wireless transmission and to decide on the number of activated LEDs at target dimming level to operate.

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Physical-layer security for indoor visible light communications

Cited by 111 publications

References 15 publications

Physical Layer Security for Visible Light Communication Systems: A Survey

Physical Layer Security for Visible Light Communication Systems: A Survey

Kajian Aspek Security pada Jaringan Informasi dan Komunikasi Berbasis Visible Light Communication

Secrecy Dimming Capacity in Multi-LED PAM-Based Visible Light Communications

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