Physical, mechanical, and in vitro biological analysis of bioactive fibers‐based dental composite

Abstract

This study aimed to synthesize experimental composites reinforced with various concentrations (0, 40, 50, and 60 wt%) of nano‐hydroxyapatite grafted glass fibers. The release of monomers, residual monomers, and in‐vitro bioactivity of composite groups were evaluated after 1, 7, and 28 days. Compressive strength/ modulus, cell viability (by direct and indirect method), and bacterial adhesion were evaluated. The results showed that bis‐GMA was released from all samples. TEGDMA released from 50 and 60 wt% samples on day 1 and UDMA showed negligible release. Compressive strength values of 40 wt% sample were higher than other experimental groups. New apatite layer was formed, whereby both direct and indirect methods demonstrated cell viability. The numbers of active colonies grown were least for 60 wt% sample while their number increased over time. The nano‐hydroxyapatite/glass fibers have potential to be used as filler in dental composites and experimental composites were found to be biocompatible and comparable with commercial material.

Effect of nanofibers as reinforcement on resin-based dental materials: A systematic review of in vitro studies

“…It should be highlighted that the main purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of nanofibers as reinforcements in resin-based composites using direct methods. Based on the results presented here, it is possible to conclude that both experimental and commercial fibers-reinforced resin-based composites overall demonstrated high mechanical properties [62] , [63] , [64] , [65] , [66] , especially FS and E, making them promising materials for restorations in high-stress-bearing application areas and large cavities in posterior teeth. However, more robust studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness of resin-based dental materials [67] and how they perform in high-stress areas, as well as their biological effect [68] .…”

A laboratory study to assess the physical, mechanical, and 3‐D structural properties of nano‐apatite grafted glass fibre‐based endodontic posts

“…Similar findings have been reported, that is, pre‐treatment with synthetic hydroxyapatite revealed a significant improvement in the bond strength of fibre posts when used with 10‐methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate‐containing cement (Scotti et al, 2016). It is anticipated that leaching of calcium and phosphate ions from nHA can form an apatite layer within the structure as described earlier by our group (Saleem et al, 2021; Syed et al, 2020), and it can also improve the mineral content of the post space by altering the smear layer (Scotti et al, 2016). According to the results of this study, the eS post demonstrated the lowest bond strength values.…”

Monomer Release from Dental Resins: The Current Status on Study Setup, Detection and Quantification for In Vitro Testing

“…As most studies on the leachability from dental resins do not report the LOD, only the positive and not the negative results can be interpreted [34]. The LODs in the current literature for Bis-GMA range from 0.07 µg/mL to 1.18 µg/mL [86,89,164,165] and for BPA from 0.003 µg/mL to 0.075 µg/mL [66, 165,166]. The LODs for UDMA are reported between 0.075 µg/mL and 0.63 µg/mL [86,89,164,165].…”

“…Effective methods that are applicable in vitro and in vivo include methods that prevent oxygen contact, e.g., glycerin gel or mylar strips, and mechanical methods, e.g., specimen polishing with a defined removal of 0.2 mm [84][85][86]. Recent studies show that these methods are well suited for the in vitro investigation of the release of monomers from dental resins [35,66,[87][88][89]. Consequently, the removal or prevention of the oxygen inhibition layer should be included in the sample preparation process and based on the clinical workflow.…”