Physical modification of biochar to expose the inner pores and their functional groups to enhance lead adsorption

Fahmi, Alaa Hasan; Samsuri, A. W.; Hamdan, J.; Karam, Daljit Singh

doi:10.1039/c8ra06867d

Cited by 91 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR, Boynton Beach, FL, USA) analysis of the ACs is presented in Figure 1. The spectra of these samples(AC-600 2:3, AC-600 1:4,AC-500 2:3, and AC-500 1:4) present peaks in the region 1158, 3248, 2900, 1742, and 1061 cm −1 corresponding to the P=O bond in phosphate ester, O-C bond (in the P-O-C linkage or P=OOH bond), OH stretch, CH, C=O, C-O [23][24][25], respectively. FT-IR spectra showed almost a similar pattern and the functional groups assignment due to the same precursor were used.…”

Section: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative Activated Carbon Based on Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) and H3PO4

Pam

2019

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In this present work, a novel method for synthesis of palm kernel shell activated carbon was established using DES (choline chloride/urea)/H3PO4 as the activating agent. The pore characterization, morphology, and adsorption properties of the activated carbons were investigated. The activated carbon samples made from the same feedstock at two pyrolysis temperatures (500 and 600 °C) were compared for their ability to adsorb Pb(II) in aqueous solution. The results demonstrated that the production of the activated carbon and adsorptive properties were significantly influenced by the pyrolysis temperature and the ratio of precursor to activating agent. DES/H3PO4 activated carbon (having surface area 1413 m2/g and total pore volume 0.6181 cm3/g) demonstrated good Pb(II) removal. Although all the tested activated carbon samples adsorbed Pb(II) from aqueous solution, they demonstrated different adsorption capabilities according to their various properties. The pyrolysis temperature, however, showed little influence on the activated carbon adsorption of Pb(II) when compared to the impregnation ratio. Their good desorption performance perhaps resulted from the porous structure.

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Section: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative Activated Carbon Based on Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) and H3PO4

Pam

2019

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“…In the XRD patterns of the nanocomposite samples, two large diffraction peaks at 22.3 and 43.4 are due to graphite diffraction pattern ( 002) and ( 100) (Singh et al 2017). Note, the potassium present in bamboo is associated with a self-activation effect which helps to form micro-pores in large amounts (Fahmi et al 2018). This nding shows that nanocomposites of the Au-NPs / BC are partly graphitized.…”

Section: (A) Sem and Eds Analysismentioning

confidence: 84%

Gold nanoparticle fortified bamboo biochar Nanocomposite

2021

Preprint

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Gold nanoparticles due to their specific properties and function have found uses in the field of engineering to medical sciences. The Gold nanoparticles are always used in conjugation with other chemicals, metals, proteins, and other organic materials. The addition of other conjugates enhances the properties of Gold nanoparticles. As the insertion of metal nanoparticles into an organic matrix effectively increases the specific surface area of such materials, thereby enhancing the desired properties of the material. The term nanocomposite(NCs) is used for material containing an inorganic moiety, with at least one dimension in a nanometre range of 1–100 nm(nanoparticles ) and other materials like metal, ceramics, and polymers. The term “Bionanocomposite" (BNCs)has been assigned to nanocomposites containing a component of biological origin in the mixture. In this work, Bamboo (Bambusa bambos) was used as the organic matrix for the preparation of gold nanoparticle biochar (Au-NPs/BC) nanocomposite. The one-step synthesis approach was used for the treatment of Bamboo with Auric Chloride Salt at room temperature. In addition to the above process, the bamboo was also pyrolyzed at low temperature after treatment, which helped further to reduce the overall cost of the method. This made the method of preparation of the nanocomposite low cost and eco-friendly. Various analytical techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), and UV–Vis spectroscopy methods were used for the characterization of the synthesized nanocomposite. This nanocomposite was used for the preparation of electrodes and its electrical conductivity was tested. In this method, the nanocomposite was prepared in a good amount via a very simple methodology. The characterization revealed the presence of gold in the nanocomposite, which confirms that this method can be used for the preparation of the (Au-NPs/BC) nanocomposite.

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“…According to Fahmi et al (2018), a low initial pyrolytic temperature (<500 • C) could produce biochar with a more significant number of functional groups, higher cation exchange capacity (CEC) and enhanced yield. Conversely, due to insufficient thermal degradation, such biochar would often have small surface area caused by the structural stability of lignocellulosic molecules and volatiles at lower temperatures (Uchimiya et al, 2011).…”

Section: Graphical Abstractmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When biochar was produced at higher pyrolytic temperatures, it exhibited greater surface areas due to the volatilization of different fractions of biomass with simultaneous expansion of micropores (Chen et al, 2008). In addition, the increase and/or decrease of pyrolytic temperature might influence the final pH (Fahmi et al, 2018).…”

Section: Graphical Abstractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Biomass Source and Pyrolysis Parameters on Physicochemical Properties of Biochar Manufactured for Innovative Applications

Štefanko

Leszczyńska

2020

Front. Energy Res.

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Manufacturing biochar for energy and high-tech applications requires a specific set of physicochemical parameters based on relationships between initial pyrolytic conditions and properties of starting material, namely biomass. This study compares 20 types of biochar produced from five diverse waste biomasses at two pyrolytic temperatures (400, 700 • C), processing times (2, 5 h) and heating rates (26, 5 • C/min). The manufactured biochar was tested for the yield, fixed C, ash load, size of developed surface area, porosity, nutrients, and minerals. Leachate tests were performed to determine the stability of biochar, their pH, conductivity, and presence of dissolved nutrients and metals. The proximate analysis demonstrated an increase in fixed C linked to temperature increase from 400 to 700 • C. Biochar produced from organic-rich biomass such as corn stover showed higher content of nutrients, especially potassium and phosphorus on their surfaces and in their leachates, which influenced the development of its surface area at 700 • C. The increase of temperature with prolonged residence time has generated more stable and mostly aromatic structures within biochar when compared to other studied conditions. These findings were confirmed by the FTIR spectra that indicated amplified condensation of aromatic and aliphatic carbons (C = C, C = O, C-H) and a decrease of phenolic bonded water (-OH bonded). Consequently, a specific application of biochar should ultimately dictate the choice of optimal pyrolytic conditions linked to the components of initial biomass.

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Physical modification of biochar to expose the inner pores and their functional groups to enhance lead adsorption

Abstract: Biochars have been successfully used to treat wastewater and contaminated soils.

Cited by 91 publications

References 48 publications

Innovative Activated Carbon Based on Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) and H3PO4

Innovative Activated Carbon Based on Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) and H3PO4

Gold nanoparticle fortified bamboo biochar Nanocomposite

Impact of Biomass Source and Pyrolysis Parameters on Physicochemical Properties of Biochar Manufactured for Innovative Applications

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