Physical origin of photonic energy gaps in the propagation of surface plasmons on gratings

Barnes, William; Preist, T. W.; Kitson, S. C.; Sambles, J. R.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.54.6227

Cited by 504 publications

(345 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Not being able to fulfill this condition for light normally incident on a sinusoidally modulated metal film is responsible for the lack of coupling to one of the band edges associated with an SPP band gap on such surfaces. 27 A similar reason may be behind the lack of coupling we see here for our modes at normal incidence. Second, there is a strong dip in the transmission centered at a frequency of /2 cϭ2.05 m Ϫ1 at normal incidence for the hole arrays, Figs.…”

Section: ͑5͒mentioning

confidence: 63%

Transition from localized surface plasmon resonance to extended surface plasmon-polariton as metallic nanoparticles merge to form a periodic hole array

Aştilean²,

2004

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We present results of experiments to determine the dispersion of the plasmon modes associated with periodic silver nanoparticle and nanohole arrays fabricated using an extension of the nanosphere lithography technique. Ordered monolayers of polystyrene nanospheres were used as a deposition mask through which silver was deposited by thermal evaporation, subsequent removal of the nanospheres thus leaving an array of metallic nanoparticles. By reactive-ion etching of the nanospheres in an oxygen plasma prior to silver deposition, arrays consisting of particles of increasing size were fabricated. The extremities of the particles eventually merge to create a continuous metallic network perforated by subwavelength holes, thus allowing a study of the particlehole transition. Combining optical measurements of transmittance and reflectance with information gained using scanning electron microscopy, three separate regimes were observed. For low etch times the samples comprise mainly individual nanoparticles and the optical response is dominated by localized surface plasmon resonances that show no dispersion. As the etch time is increased almost all of the nanoparticles merge with adjacent particles, although many defects are present-notably where some particles fail to merge, a small gap being left between them. The presence of these defects prevents an abrupt structural transition from metallic nanoparticles to a continuous metallic film perforated by an array of nanoholes. The presence of such gaps also results in dispersion data that lack clearly defined features. A further increase in etch time leads to samples with no gaps: instead, a continuous metal film perforated by a nanohole array is produced. The optical response of these structures is dominated by extended surface plasmon-polariton modes.

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Section: ͑5͒mentioning

confidence: 63%

Transition from localized surface plasmon resonance to extended surface plasmon-polariton as metallic nanoparticles merge to form a periodic hole array

Aştilean²,

2004

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“…Due to their different field distributions these two standing waves have different energies, and therefore a band gap is opened. 12,13 The two solutions also correspond to symmetric and antisymmetric charge distributions on either side of the grating ridges. At normal incidence it is impossible for incident radiation to couple to the symmetric charge distribution case since it would require the incident radiation E fields to point in opposite directions on either side of the grating groove at the same instant in time.…”

Section: Band Gaps and The Formation Of Spp's On Narrow-ridged Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface plasmon polaritons on narrow-ridged short-pitch metal gratings

Hooper

Sambles

2002

Phys. Rev. B

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The reflectivity of short pitch metal gratings consisting of a series of narrow Gaussian ridges in the classical mount has been modeled as a function of frequency and in-plane wave vector ͑the plane of incidence containing the grating vector͒ for various ridge heights. Surface plasmon polaritons ͑SPP's͒ are found to be excited even in the zero-order region of the spectrum. These may result in strong absorption of radiation polarized with its electric field in the plane of incidence ͑transverse magnetic͒. For zero in-plane wave vector the SPP modes consist of a symmetric charge distribution on either side of the grating ridges, a family of these modes existing with different numbers of field maxima per grating period. Because of the charge symmetry these modes may only be coupled to at angles away from normal incidence where strong resonant absorption may then occur. The dispersion of these SPP modes as a function of the in-plane wave vector is found to be complex arising from the formation of very large band gaps due to the harmonic content of the grating profile, the creation of a pseudo high-energy mode, and through strong interactions between different SPP bands.

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“…25 Figure 3 shows the finite difference time domain ͑FDTD͒ simulation results for the electric field dis- tributions on a biharmonic metallic grating structure illuminated with the wavelength of − and + , respectively. − localizes on the troughs while + localizes on the peaks of the periodic structure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 1͑a͒ shows the AFM image of the biharmonic grating structure used for plasmonic excitation. 25,26 Gratings with two different periods were successively recorded on a photosensitive polymer ͑AZ1505͒ by holographic double exposure interference lithography ͓Fig. 1͑c͔͒.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonic band gap cavities on biharmonic gratings

2008

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In this paper, we have experimentally demonstrated the formation of plasmonic band gap cavities in infrared and visible wavelength range. The cavity structure is based on a biharmonic metallic grating with selective high dielectric loading. A uniform metallic grating structure enables strong surface plasmon polariton ͑SPP͒ excitation and a superimposed second harmonic component forms a band gap for the propagating SPPs. We show that a high dielectric superstructure can dramatically perturb the optical properties of SPPs and enables the control of the plasmonic band gap structure. Selective patterning of the high index superstructure results in an index contrast in and outside the patterned region that forms a cavity. This allows us to excite the SPPs that localize inside the cavity at specific wavelengths, satisfying the cavity resonance condition. Experimentally, we observe the formation of a localized state in the band gap and measure the dispersion diagram. Quality factors as high as 37 have been observed in the infrared wavelength. The simplicity of the fabrication and the method of testing make this approach attractive for applications requiring localization of propagating SPPs.

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Physical origin of photonic energy gaps in the propagation of surface plasmons on gratings

Cited by 504 publications

References 31 publications

Transition from localized surface plasmon resonance to extended surface plasmon-polariton as metallic nanoparticles merge to form a periodic hole array

Transition from localized surface plasmon resonance to extended surface plasmon-polariton as metallic nanoparticles merge to form a periodic hole array

Surface plasmon polaritons on narrow-ridged short-pitch metal gratings

Plasmonic band gap cavities on biharmonic gratings

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