Physical Properties of Fast-Growing Wood-Polymer Nano Composite Synthesized through TiO2 Nanoparticle Impregnation

Abstract

Mangium (Acacia mangium Willd.) is a fast-growing wood that is widely grown in Indonesia. The impregnation method is needed to improve the qualities of the wood. In this study, TiO2 nanoparticle (79.17 nm) was produced using the hydrothermal method. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of TiO2 nanoparticle impregnation on the density and dimensional stability of mangium and the effectiveness of the presence of TiO2 nanoparticle in wood in degrading pollutants. The mangium samples (2 cm × 2 cm × 2 cm) were placed inside impregnation tube. The impregnation solutions included water (untreated), 1% TiO2 nanoparticle, and 5% TiO2 nanoparticles. The samples were analyzed for density, weight percent gain (WPG) dan bulking effect (BE). Samples were also analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). TiO2 nanoparticle resulted in an increase in density, WPG, and BE-treated mangium. Based on XRD and FTIR results, TiO2 nanoparticle was successfully impregnated into mangium wood. Scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis indicated that TiO2 nanoparticle covered the surface of the wood cells. The TiO2-impregnated mangium wood has a higher photocatalyst activity than untreated, indicating better protection from UV radiation and pollutants.

Surface Modification of Fast-Growing Wood with a Titanium-Dioxide-Based Nanocoating to Improve Weathering Resistance

“…TiO 2 -NPs were synthesised by weighing 7 g of bulk TiO 2 and adding it to a beaker, along with 75 mL of deionised water. The prepared solution was reacted in a Teflon stainless steel autoclave at 75 • C for 4 h in the oven, after which the solution was gradually cooled to room temperature over 24 h. The resulting precipitate was separated into a porcelain dish and then washed with ethanol and calcined for 3 h at 500 • C in a furnace [20,33].…”

“…Additionally, TiO 2 -NPs are considered chemically stable and non-toxic [17,18]. Therefore, TiO 2 -NPs can increase the dimensional stability of wood [19,20] and photocatalysts [20] and prevent weathering [21][22][23][24]. Most TiO 2 -NPs used originate from the market.…”

“…The synthesised materials can be stored at room temperature and reused [26]. Moreover, hydrothermal processes (bottom-up techniques) enable catalyst-free growth and particle size control at low temperatures and thus are economical [20,27,28]. The factors affecting a hydrothermal process are the reaction time and temperature at the synthesis stage.…”

Modification of Fast-Growing Wood into Magnetic Wood with Impregnation Method Using Fe3O4 Nanoparticles

“…Many studies have been conducted to modify the wood using the impregnation process to improve its quality. Several recent studies reported the improvement of the physical properties of sengon and jabon wood through the impregnation process using nanoparticles (Dirna et al 2020;Prihatini et al 2020a;Rahayu et al 2020;Rahayu et al 2022a). The nanometer-sized particles can be well distributed and penetrate the wood because of their low viscosity, high dispersion stability, and effectiveness in coating wood surfaces (Fufa and Hovde 2010;Teng et al 2018).…”

Characteristics of Magnetic Sengon Wood Impregnated with Nano Fe3O4 and Furfuryl Alcohol

“…Wood impregnation involves introducing chemicals into pores, lumens, and cell walls to precipitate and store chemicals without damaging the wood. Impregnation methods have been applied to fastgrowing wood to improve wood quality using chemicals such as methyl methacrylate (Cahyono et al, 2020;Hadi et al, 2019), phenol-formaldehyde (Sumardi et al, 2020), melamine formaldehyde, furfuryl alcohol (FA); (Prihatini et al, 2020), nano TiO 2 (Rahayu et al, 2022b) and magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) nanoparticles (Rahayu et al, 2022a).…”