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Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) is a fast-growing wood with low quality due to its low density and strength. The quality can be increased by modifying the wood through impregnation with various chemical compounds. In this study, jabon was impregnated with a solution of Fe and immersed in a strong base (NaOH) or a weak base (NH4OH) to form magnetite (Fe3O4) in-situ. This study analysed the use of NaOH and NH4OH in synthesising magnetic jabon wood and evaluated the wood’s characteristics. The impregnation process began with a vacuum of −0.5 bar for 0.5 h and then a pressure of 1 bar for 2 h. The samples subsequently underwent assessment of their dimensional stability, density, and characteristics. The results showed that impregnation with Fe solution followed by NaOH or NH4OH significantly affected the density and dimensional stability of the wood. The polymer weight gain was higher with NaOH, while the anti-swelling efficiency was higher with NH4OH. The density and bulking effect were increased, but the water uptake was decreased. Fourier transform infrared analysis showed the successful synthesis of magnetite. Scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis revealed that magnetite covered the vessel fibre cell walls, and vibrating sample magnetometry analysis showed significant magnetic properties of the wood.

Wood polymer nano composites (WPnC) based on nano-SiO2 were prepared by the impregnation of nano-SiO2 and melamine formaldehyde-furfuryl alcohol copolymer. The objectives of this research were to analyze the effect of impregnation of nano-SiO2 and Melamine Formaldehyde Furfuryl Alcohol (MFFA) copolymers on the physical properties of jabon wood and to characterize treated jabon wood. Impregnation method improved the physical properties of jabon wood. Density of jabon become 0.56 g/cm3, weight percent gain (WPG) is 68.34%, Anti-Swelling Efficiency (ASE) is 46.66%, bulking effect (BE) is 7.55%, water uptake (WU) is 75.49%. WPnC composites were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), XRD (X-ray Diffraction), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), and SEM-EDX (Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy). FTIR results showed that the Si-O-Si asymmetric stretching vibration hand slighty shifts toward a higher wave number. It indicated a reaction between nano-SiO2 and wood. XRD studies indicated a decrease in crystallinity of the composites. SEM images observed distribution of nano SiO2 in the composites.

Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) is a fast-growing wood species that is widely utilized for light construction and other purposes in Indonesia. The objectives of the current study were to determine the effects of monoethylene glycol (MEG) and SiO 2 nanoparticles (nano SiO 2 ) impregnation treatment on the dimensional stability and density of jabon wood and to identify the characteristics of impregnated jabon wood. Wood samples were immersed in water (as untreated), MEG, 0.5% MEGSiO 2 , then impregnated by applying 0.5 bar of vacuum for 60 min, and then applying 2.5 bar of pressure for 120 min. The results showed that impregnation with MEG and Nano SiO 2 had a significant effect on the dimensional stability of jabon wood. Polymers can fill cell walls in wood indicated by increasing weight percentgain, antiswelling efficiency, bulking effect, and density, then decreasing in water uptake value. Jabon wood morphology by using SEM showed that MEGSiO 2 polymers can cover part of the pitsin the wood vessel wall of jabon. This finding was reinforced by EDX results showing that the silicon content was increased due to the addition of SiO 2 nano. The XRD diffraction pattern indicated that MEGSiO 2 treatment increased the degree of crystallinity in wood samples. Overall, treatment with 0.5% MEGSiO 2 led to the most improvement in the dimensional stability of 5-year-old jabon wood in this study.

Ganitri (Elaeocarpus sphaericus (Gaertn.) K. Schum.) adalah pohon cepat tumbuh yang banyak ditemukan di Sukabumi. Kayu ini tumbuh di hampir semua wilayah Indonesia. Tulisan ini menyajikan hasil pengujian sifat dasar (struktur anatomi, kimia, sifat fisis dan mekanis) kayu ganitri yang diambil dari hutan rakyat di daerah Sukabumi. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui potensi penggunan kayu ganitri berdasarkan sifat dasar dan penggunaan kayu oleh masyarakat sekitar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kayu ganitri memiliki kayu teras berwarna kuning dan kayu gubal berwarna putih. Corak kayu polos dan tekstur halus. Arah serat lurus sampai berpadu, kayu lunak, tidak mengkilap, dan tidak berbau. Berdasarkan nilai dimensi serat dan nilai turunannya, kayu ganitri termasuk ke dalam Kelas Mutu II. Kayu ganitri memiliki kadar holoselulosa dan selulosa yang tinggi (70,70% dan 54,58%), kadar sedang untuk lignin 21,60%, ekstraktif alkohol-benzena 3,47%, dan kadar abu 0,81%. Dengan berat jenis (BJ) kering udara 0,35 kayu ganitri termasuk ke dalam Kelas Kuat IV. Kayu tersebut disarankan untuk digunakan sebagai bahan bangunan konstruksi ringan, perkakas, furnitur, kayu lapis, papan sambung dan produk panel. Basic Properties of Ganitri Wood (Elaeocarpus sphaericus (Gaertn.) K. Schum from Sukabumi and Its Potential UsesAbsractGanitri (Elaeocarpus sphaericus (Gaertn.) K. Schum.) is a fastgrowing tree that is widely found in Sukabumi, West Java. It grows in all part of Indonesia. A research was carried out to investigate basic properties (anatomical, physical, mechanical, and chemical) of ganitri wood from the community forest of Sukabumi. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential use of ganitri wood based on its basic properties and local utilization. The results showed that the color of ganitri sapwood was white , and it was not clearly demarcated from the yellow, with fewer figure patterns. The texture was fine with straight to interlocked grain. The wood was soft, not lustrous, and no special odor. Based on the fibre dimensions and derivative values, the quality of ganitri wood fell in Class II as a raw material for pulp and paper. Ganitri had high holocellulose and cellulose levels (70.70% and 54.58%), moderate level in lignin (21.60%), and it contained 3.47% extractive soluble in alcohol-benzene, and 0.81% ash. Based on its air dry specific gravity (0,35), ganitri wood could be classified into wood Strength Class IV. The potential uses of ganitri are for lightweight construction material, tools, furniture, plywood, connecting boards, and other panel products.