Physical recovery of an oxisol subjected to four intensities of dairy cattle grazing

Koppe, Ezequiel; Rupollo, Carlos Zandoná; Queiroz, Rosemar de; Uteau, Daniel; Peth, Stephan; Reinert, Dalvan José

doi:10.1016/j.still.2020.104813

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Soil bulk density is inversely proportional to SOC content, but the mechanisms of the inverse correlation are poorly understood. Based on our analysis and the reports by other researchers, we suggest that the mechanisms of the inverse correlation are mainly because (1) grazing exclusion allows high soil porosity to increase airflow permeability (Ajayi et al, 2021;Koppe et al, 2021)-a key factor favoring bulk density; (2) no animal feeding leads to more litter input to the soil to increase SOC; the higher the SOC, the lower the bulk density (Tessema et al, 2020); (3) little or no compaction improves water infiltration (Centeri, 2022), favoring soil microbial activities (Liu et al, 2019) contributing to SOC that decreases bulk density; and (4) the exclusion of grazing leads to an increase in the mass fraction of aggregates (Bai et al, 2020;Zhang, Sun, et al, 2019)-a structural unit important for soil bulk density. It is arguable that under grazing practice, livestock excrement inputs into the soil through organic matter, directly affecting bulk density.…”

Section: Mechanisms For Grassland Ecosystem Functions and Servicessupporting

confidence: 71%

Plant biotype interacting grazing activity shapes grassland ecosystem functions

Wang,

Feng,

Sun

et al. 2023

Ecosphere

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Grasslands play an essential role in maintaining the health of planet Earth, but many grasslands have lost their ecosystem services due to unsustainable management practices, such as overgrazing. Little is known about how grazing activity interacts with plant biotypes, impacting grassland ecosystem services. Here, we (1) assessed the relative performance of five plant biotypes in response to grazing activities and (2) determined the effectiveness of grazing exclusion in enhancing soil physiochemical properties in grasslands. The synthesis of 39,214 observations on plant‐, soil‐, and anthropogeny‐related factors from 88 published studies revealed that grazing exclusion increased aboveground plant biomass accumulation by 100.4% (±4.2 SE), belowground biomass by 70.2% (±25.7), total soil C content by 21.4% (±1.7), and soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration by 14.3% (±0.8), on average, as compared to moderate‐to‐heavy (MtH) grazing. Plant biotypes responded to grazing activities differently; alpine meadows increased total soil C content by 107.2%, alpine steppes increased SOC by 52.2%, but desert steppes decreased total C content by 21.8% under the grazing exclusion. All plant biotypes reduced soil bulk density by 6.4%–19.4% under grazing exclusion. Soil microbial community diversity responded to grazing activities inconsistently, ranging from an 18% decrease to a 26% increase in soil microbial diversity compared to MtH grazing. We conclude that selecting appropriate plant biotypes alongside improved grazing management will enhance grassland ecosystem functions and services as plant biotypes affect aboveground and belowground biomass and interface with soil physiochemical properties.

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Section: Mechanisms For Grassland Ecosystem Functions and Servicessupporting

confidence: 71%

Plant biotype interacting grazing activity shapes grassland ecosystem functions

Wang,

Feng,

Sun

et al. 2023

Ecosphere

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“…The improvements in porosity may have contributed to pasture production improvements directly, as improvements to porosity can increase the growth roots [98,99] and facilitate root aeration [77,100]. Because of the evidence that trees provide shelter to livestock under the trees, it is surprising that this did not result in soil compaction, because it is well established that increased livestock activity can result in negative impacts to soil physical properties [101][102][103]. For example, Zhang et al [103] found porosity increased from 0.64 to 0.78 when the grazing intensity was reduced from 4.8 animal unit months ha −1 to 1.2 animal unit months ha −1 in Canadian pastoral land.…”

Section: Soil Water and Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Kānuka Trees Facilitate Pasture Production Increases in New Zealand Hill Country

et al. 2022

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‘Tree-pasture’ silvopastoral systems have the potential to become transformative multifunctional landscapes that add both environmental and economic value to pastoral farms. Nevertheless, no published study has found increased pasture production under mature silvopastoral trees in New Zealand hill country. This study takes a novel approach to silvopastoral research in New Zealand, and investigates a genus that has similar bio-physical attributes to other global silvopastoral trees that have been shown to increase pasture production under their canopies, with the aim of finding a silvopastoral genera that can increase pasture production under tree canopies compared to open pasture in New Zealand. This study measures pasture and soil variables in two pasture positions: under individually spaced native kānuka (Kunzea spp.) trees (kānuka pasture) and paired open pasture positions at least 15 m from tree trunks (open pasture) at two sites over two years. There was 107.9% more pasture production in kānuka pasture positions. The soil variables that were significantly greater in kānuka pasture were Olsen-P (+115.7%, p < 0.001), K (+100%, p < 0.001), Mg (+33.33%, p < 0.01), Na (+200%, p < 0.001) and porosity (+8.8%, p < 0.05), and Olsen-P, porosity and K best explained the variation between kānuka pasture and open pasture positions. Volumetric soil moisture was statistically similar in kānuka pasture and open pasture positions. These results are evidence of nutrient transfer by livestock to the tree-pasture environment. Furthermore, as there was a significantly greater porosity and 48.6% more organic matter under the trees, there were likely other processes also contributing to the difference between tree and open pasture environments, such as litterfall. These results show that kānuka has potential to increase pasture production in New Zealand hill country farms and create multifunctional landscapes enhancing both production and environmental outcomes in pastoral farms.

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“…For pasture lands, animals trampling can negatively affect the soil structure [4,[13][14][15][16][17], especially on intense and more frequently grazed pastures [18], making it necessary to define periods of grazing exclusion [19], aiming for soil conservation, preventing its degradation and making possible pasture growth and development. Monitoring the soil physical properties (porosity, bulk density and air permeability) verified that periods of grazing exclusion alleviate compaction in a clayey Oxisol managed under different intensities of dairy cattle grazing [20], while soil compaction increased with an increment in grazing pressure, and erosion rates varied with grazing management, with soil erosion and sediment delivery to waterways being reduced with fenced riparian buffers associated with rotational grazing management [21]. Determining the grazing exclusion period and knowledge of the soil physical properties in the context of soil-plant-animal systems are important in maintaining the sustainable pastures [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Compressibility of a Cambisol Submitted to Periods of Rotational Grazing and Strategies to Avoid Additional Soil Compaction

Suzuki,

Bitencourt Junior,

Pauletto

et al. 2023

Conservation

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Soil compaction is one of the main causes of soil degradation, and some parameters have been used to characterize it, like those related to compressibility and the degree of compactness. To evaluate the rotational grazing time during winter and the presence and absence of grazing, on the compressibility and degree of compactness of a Cambisol, an experiment was installed and consisted of corn planting for silage, a fallow and pasture planting period, with two treatments evaluating the amount of rotational grazing (two and three times in a period of, respectively, 2 and 3 months), subdivided into the presence and absence of dairy cattle grazing. The mean bulk density value of 1.47 Mg/m3 separates the occurrence (plastic deformation) or not (elastic deformation) of additional soil compaction, while the traffic of machinery and animal trampling should occur with soil moisture lower than 0.23 kg/kg, when the soil has a larger load-bearing capacity. For the conservation of soil structure, our study recommends the permanence of cattle in the plots for 30 to 40 min/day and an exit when the pasture height is 0.07 to 0.10 m, with two or three grazing in a period of, respectively, 2 and 3 months.

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Physical recovery of an oxisol subjected to four intensities of dairy cattle grazing

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Plant biotype interacting grazing activity shapes grassland ecosystem functions

Plant biotype interacting grazing activity shapes grassland ecosystem functions

Kānuka Trees Facilitate Pasture Production Increases in New Zealand Hill Country

Compressibility of a Cambisol Submitted to Periods of Rotational Grazing and Strategies to Avoid Additional Soil Compaction

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