Physical Techniques for the in Situ Cleaning of Contaminated Soil

Vreeken, C.; Sman, H. T.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-2807-7_141

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Paper number 95WR01270. 0043-1397/95/95WR-01270505.00 presented by Hilberts [1986], Vreeken and Sman [1988], Hunt et al [1988a, b], Udell and Stewart [1990], and Falta et al [1992a, b]. These elaborations assumed constant steam injection rates and steady steam-front velocities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steam Stripping of Contaminated Unsaturated Zone of Subsoils: Theoretical Model of Start‐up Phase

Brouwers¹,

Li²

1995

Water Resources Research

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The present paper addresses the unsteady process of steam stripping of the unsaturated zone of soils contaminated with volatile nonaqueous phase liquids. First, on the basis of Darcy's law and the conservation laws of mass and energy, a one-dimensional model is derived for the propagation of the steam front in the start-up phase. It is shown that this process is governed by one dimensionless group y. Subsequently, the evaporation mechanism behind, the transport to, and the condensation at the front of volatile contaminants are considered, taking the view that nonequilibrium exists between liquid and vapor phases. The model leads to a moving boundary problem which is of special mathematical interest. By a suitable transformation of the governing partial differential equations, the problem is brought into a fixed domain and solved numerically. For a broad range of the governing dimensionless numbers, computation results are presented. The results obtained in this paper make clear the role of the prevailing principal physical phenomena during the start-up phase of the process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steam Stripping of Contaminated Unsaturated Zone of Subsoils: Theoretical Model of Start‐up Phase

Brouwers¹,

Li²

1995

Water Resources Research

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Experimental and theoretical study of combined solvent and steam stripping of 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and mercury from contaminated natural soil

Brouwers

1996

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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This paper reports on an experimental and theoretical study of the combined solvent and steam stripping of contaminated soil. First, feasibility experiments on the bench scale are reported concerning the stripping of soil contaminated with 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and mercury. This natural soil, originating from a contaminated site, was packed and stripped in a glass column. The results of cleaning revealed removal levels to below the detection limits of the contaminants and removal efficiencies of 99.7% for HCH and 97.2% for mercury.Subsequently, a one-dimensional nonequilibrium model is proposed which describes the unsteady mass transfer between vapors, condensate and solid phases in a column. A perturbation method is employed to obtain an approximate solution of the governing equations for small Merkel number Me (this dimensionless number constitutes the column length times the mass transfer coefficient, divided by the flushing velocity). Application of the model to the experiments performed results in values for the overall mass transfer coefficients, which can be used for future engineering computations. Furthermore, the model enables the prediction of the initial contaminant level in the soil solely from the measured exit contaminant concentrations in the flushing fluid. A thorough comparison of this prediction with the measured soil concentration (prior to the experiment) yields excellent agreement. The presented model is applicable to any other soil flushing experiment for which Me< 1.

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Modeling and experimental investigation of transient, nonequilibrium mass transfer during steam stripping of a nonaqueous phase liquid in unsaturated porous media

Ham¹,

Brouwers²

1998

Water Resources Research

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Abstract. The present paper addresses the one-dimensional unsteady process of steam stripping of the unsaturated zone of soils contaminated with nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs). First, the volatilization mechanism and the transport by steam are considered, taking the view that nonequilibrium exists between liquid and vapor phases; second, the effect of evaporation on the specific area is taken into account. The governing equations are rendered dimensionless and solved in closed form. For various dimensionless .numbers, solutions are presented, showing the role of the prevailing physical phenomena.Experiments have been performed using two sand mixtures with water and NAPL saturations ranging from 24% to 44% and from 3.8% to 9.4%, respectively. The experimental results confirm the applicability of the theoretical model presented. Furthermore, the analysis results in an empirical correlation for the Sherwood number valid for a broad range of Peclet numbers (2 < Pe < 60).

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Physical Techniques for the in Situ Cleaning of Contaminated Soil

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Steam Stripping of Contaminated Unsaturated Zone of Subsoils: Theoretical Model of Start‐up Phase

Steam Stripping of Contaminated Unsaturated Zone of Subsoils: Theoretical Model of Start‐up Phase

Experimental and theoretical study of combined solvent and steam stripping of 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and mercury from contaminated natural soil

Modeling and experimental investigation of transient, nonequilibrium mass transfer during steam stripping of a nonaqueous phase liquid in unsaturated porous media

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