Physical Training in Human Obesity II. Effects on Plasma Insulin in Glucose-Intolerant Subjects without Marked Hyperinsulinemia

Björntorp, Per; Jounge, Kristina de; Sjöström, Lars; Sullivan, L

doi:10.3109/00365517309082449

Cited by 40 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Considerable evidence, including small clinical trials (25)(26)(27)(28)(29), suggests that strenuous physical activity can reduce or prevent hyperinsulinemia. However, most studies failed to control for obesity, and even fewer described women.…”

Section: Table 2-age-adjusted Mean Fasting and 2-h Glucose And Insulimentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated With Glucose and Insulin Levels in Healthy Postmenopausal Women

et al. 1996

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Section: Table 2-age-adjusted Mean Fasting and 2-h Glucose And Insulimentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated With Glucose and Insulin Levels in Healthy Postmenopausal Women

et al. 1996

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“…Several years ago, Bjorntorp et al (72) observed that physically active middle-aged men had much lower fasting and postglucose plasma insulin concentrations during oral glucose tolerance tests than did age-and weight-matched sedentary men. Subsequently, they demonstrated that obese subjects who underwent physical training developed lower plasma insulin levels despite no change in body composition or oral glucose tolerance (9,73). Since their initial observations, several studies in both humans and animals have confirmed that physical training increases sensitivity to insulin, although the mechanism by which this occurs is not well understood.…”

Section: Exercise In Type II Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role and Management of Exercise in Diabetes Mellitus

Horton

1988

Diabetes Care

111

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As more is understood about the physiology of exercise, in both normal and diabetic subjects, its role in the treatment of diabetes is becoming better defined. Whereas people with diabetes may derive many benefits from regular physical exercise, there are also several hazards that make exercise difficult to manage. In type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes, there are risks of hypoglycemia during or after exercise or of worsening metabolic control if insulin deficiency is present. Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients treated with sulfonylureas are also at some increased risk of developing hypoglycemia during or after exercise, although this poses less of a problem than with insulin treatment. In individuals treated by diet alone, regulation of blood glucose during exercise is usually not a significant problem and exercise can be used as an adjunct to diet to achieve weight loss and improved insulin sensitivity. When obese type II diabetic patients are treated with very low calorie diets, adequate amounts of carbohydrate must be provided to ensure maintenance of normal muscle glycogen content, particularly if individuals wish to participate in highintensity exercise that places a heavy workload on specific muscle groups. On the other hand, moderateintensity exercise such as vigorous walking can be tolerated by individuals on very low calorie, carbohydrate-restricted diets after an appropriate period of adaptation. A number of strategies can be employed to avoid hypoglycemia in type I diabetic patients, and both type I and II diabetic patients should be examined carefully for long-term complications of their disease, which may be made worse by exercise. These considerations have led many diabetologists to consider exercise beneficial in the management of diabetes for

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“…Increased levels of physical activity are included as a recommended lifestyle modification in all treatment guidelines for patients with T2DM, because one of the most consistent outcomes with endurance exercise training in humans and in animal models is a clinically significant improvement in insulin's ability to facilitate glucose transport from the bloodstream into the tissues (Bjorntorp et al . , Heath et al . , Holloszy et al .…”

Section: Heritability Of T2dm and T2dm‐related Phenotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise training, genetics and type 2 diabetes‐related phenotypes

2012

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is at virtually pandemic levels world-wide. Diabetes has been referred to as 'a geneticist's nightmare'. However, dramatic advances in our understanding of the genetics of T2DM have occurred in the past 5 years. While endurance exercise training and increased habitual physical activity levels have consistently been shown to improve or be associated with improved T2DM-related phenotypes, there is substantial interindividual variation in these responses. There is some evidence that T2DM-related phenotype responses to exercise training are heritable, indicating that they might have a genetic basis. Genome-wide linkage studies have not identified specific chromosomal loci that could account for these differences, and no genome-wide association studies have been performed relative to T2DM-related phenotype responses to exercise training. From candidate gene studies, there are relatively strong and replicated data supporting a role for the PPARγ Pro12Ala variant in the interindividual differences in T2DM-related phenotype responses to training. This is a potentially important candidate locus because it affects T2DM susceptibility, has high biological plausibility and is the target for the primary pharmaceutical method for treating T2DM. Is it time to conduct a hypothesis-driven large-scale exercise training intervention trial based on PPARγ Pro12Ala genotype with T2DM-related phenotypes as the primary outcome measures, while also assessing potential mechanistic changes in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue? Or would it be more appropriate to propose a smaller trial to address the specific skeletal muscle and adipose tissue mechanisms affected by the interaction between the PPARγ Pro12Ala genotype and exercise training?

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Physical Training in Human Obesity II. Effects on Plasma Insulin in Glucose-Intolerant Subjects without Marked Hyperinsulinemia

Cited by 40 publications

References 15 publications

Factors Associated With Glucose and Insulin Levels in Healthy Postmenopausal Women

Factors Associated With Glucose and Insulin Levels in Healthy Postmenopausal Women

Role and Management of Exercise in Diabetes Mellitus

Exercise training, genetics and type 2 diabetes‐related phenotypes

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