Physical training prevents depressive symptoms and a decrease in brain-derived neurotrophic factor in Parkinson's disease

Exercise-Mediated Increase in Nigral Tyrosine Hydroxylase Is Accompanied by Increased Nigral GFR-α1 and EAAC1 Expression in Aging Rats

“…Our findings certainly do not present the totality of mechanisms by which exercise may affect the nigrostriatal pathway. For example, exercise increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression 66,67 and TrkB receptor expression, 52 a result akin to our finding of increased GFR- α 1 expression, and may be critical in exercise-mediated protection against MPTP-induced neurotoxicity. 68 We have previously reported that age-related decreases in nigral GFR- α 1 expression, TH protein expression, and DA tissue content coincide with decreased locomotor activity in aged rats.…”

“…50 Exercise has been shown to be effective in reducing cognitive impairment 51 and depressive-like behavior. 52 The involvement of increased GFR- α 1 expression following exercise to reduce these adverse behavioral outcomes is possible, though yet unknown.…”

Beneficial effects of sodium butyrate in 6-OHDA induced neurotoxicity and behavioral abnormalities: Modulation of histone deacetylase activity

“…The fact that BDNF has survival promoting activity on the dopaminergic neurons that die in PD has led to the idea that reduced endogenous trophic support may contribute to disease onset and/or progression. This hypothesis has been intensified by reports of reduced BDNF levels in the people with PD [45][46], as well as in 6-OHDA induced lesions in rats [47][48] and mice [49]. We therefore determine the levels of BDNF in 6-OHDA treated rats and observed that 6-OHDA administration results in reduced level of BDNF as compared to vehicle treated groups.…”

Voluntary exercise and increased food intake after mild chronic stress improve social avoidance behavior in mice

“…A recent study in humans indicated that a certain amount of exercise is an important factor in overcoming the development of mood disorders such as depression and anxiety [2]. In addition, in rodents, physical training, using a treadmill or running wheel, has been reported to improve depressive-like behavior in various disorders such as diabetes, Parkinson's disease, Rett syndrome, Huntington's disease, and ethanol withdrawal [3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. It is thought that chronic exercise promotes neurogenesis in the hippocampus, which is damaged by stressinduced elevations of glucocorticoids, thereby improving emotional behavior [10,11].…”