Physico-Chemical and Nutritive Properties of Bitter Kola (Garcinia Kola)

EA, Mazi

doi:10.4172/2155-9600.1000218

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…G. gummi-gutta pericarp had a high amount of oil compared to G. indica and G. xanthochymus pericarp. Similar results were reported by Mazi et al [37] in Garcinia kola. Since the pericarp was sticky to handle, wax content was estimated which indicated that the pericarp contains 0.2-1.1 % of wax.…”

Section: Fruit Compositionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Lipids and Fatty Acid Profiling of Major Indian Garcinia Fruit: A Comparative Study and its Nutritional Impact

Patil

Muhammed

Anu-Appaiah

2016

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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The effects of plant oils on health are being intensively studied. Many fatty acids have attracted significant scientific attention since the studies pointed them as potential nutrients. An attempt was made to analyze the variation in three major Indian Garcinia fruits for their oils, lipid sub‐classes, fatty acids and total amino acids. Solvent extraction and chromatographic techniques were used for the isolation, purification, separation and detection of these compounds. Three major Garcinia fruits G. gummi‐gutta, G. indica and G. xanthochymus varied in their chemical composition. Oil content was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in G. xanthochymus seeds (16.9 %) when compared to 11.21 % in G. gummi‐gutta seeds. Fatty acids observed were mainly capric, undecanoic, lauric, palmitic, stearic, oleic and linolelaidic acid. Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were predominant in both pericarp and seeds with oleic acid being the major fraction (29.24‐58.6 %). The lipid classification of Garcinia oils showed the varying percentage of neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids. Oleic acid (32.91–71.54 %) was found to be the major fatty acid in neutral‐, glyco‐ and phospho‐lipids. Alanine, leucine, proline and phenylalanine were the predominant amino acids found in Garcinia fruits. The study has broadened our understanding related to the different biochemical composition of Garcinia fruits, thereby providing the groundwork that may lead to the production, utilization and application of products from Garcinia in a more efficient way.

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Section: Fruit Compositionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Lipids and Fatty Acid Profiling of Major Indian Garcinia Fruit: A Comparative Study and its Nutritional Impact

Patil

Muhammed

Anu-Appaiah

2016

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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“…Previous studies revealed that G. kola seed powder supplemented in animal diets also promoted growth and feed conversion efficiency in Clarias gariepinus juveniles (Adeniji et al 2018) and Oreochromis niloticus adults (Sulem-Yong et al 2018). The proximate and phytochemicals analysis of G. kola seeds revealed that it is rich in nutrients such as, vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals but low in anti-nutrients content, indicating that it could be used as supplements in feed manufacturing (Adesuyi et al 2012;Mazi et al 2013;Onyekwelu et al 2015). According to Onyekwelu et al (2015), the low antinutrients content in G. kola indicates that its consumption would not pose nutritional or health problems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Garcinia kola seeds supplemented diet on growth performance and gonadal development of Oreochromis niloticus juveniles breed in ponds

et al. 2019

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Background: Despite the favorable geo-climatic potential of Cameroon, the national production of tilapia remains low due to poor tilapia growth reported by fish farmers. One of the underlying reasons is the early female maturation at a very small size and precocious breeding in earthen ponds, resulting in overpopulation which leads to stunted growth and therefore to the production of unmarketable fish size. Studies have shown that dietary supplementation of G. kola enhanced growth in young Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus. It was also reported that G. kola inhibited spawning in Tilapia adult females. Therefore, this study sought to assess the effects of Garcinia kola as growth promoter and inhibitor of gonadal development in young Oreochromis niloticus. Methods: A total of 108 juveniles weighing 13.32 ± 0.62 g were randomly distributed in 9 hapas of 12 fishes each (9 females and 3 males) and fed for 70 days with three isonitrogenous diets, 40% crude protein with increasing Garcinia kola supplementation levels of 0 (normal diet), 6% and 10% (experimental diets). Physico-chemical parameters of the water (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, and transparency) were measured twice a week. Every 14 days, fish were harvested, counted, and weighed. At the end of the experiment, three fish of each sex per replicate were sacrificed and their gonad and liver collected and weighed. Data were statistically analyzed using oneway analysis of variance repeated measure followed by Newman-Keuls multiple tests. Results: The results showed that all physico-chemical parameters of the water were within the recommended values for Tilapia culture. Tilapia fed 6% Garcinia kola supplemented diet displayed higher final body weight in males (38.60 ± 3.50 g) and females (36.77 ± 3.62 g) compared to those receiving normal diet (36.23 ± 1.36 g and 25.87 ± 3.32 g; respectively to the final body weight in males and females). The gonadosomatic index and hepatosomatic index indicated no significant variation in males while in females, these were significantly low in the experimental fish compared to control fish. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that supplementation of G. kola seeds in diets of young Tilapia improved growth performance and impaired gonadal development in females.

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“…The plant extracts are used in the treatment of laryngitis, cough and liver diseases [3]. The phytochemical study of the Garcinia kola seed highlighted the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, sterols, phenols and tannic acids [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Garcinia kola Seed on Glycemia, Creatininemia and Aminotransferases in Adult Subjects

Gomina

Salifou

Djidonou

et al. 2020

IJBcRR

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Background: The administration of extracts of Garcinia kola seed to experimental rats has a hypoglycemic and hepatoprotective effect. Objective: Assess the effect of daily consumption of Garcinia kola seed on glycemia, creatinine and serum aminotransferases among adult subjects. Methods: We carried out an intervention study based on quasi-experimental approach during three months i.e. from May 1 to July 30, 2019. A sample consisting of 40 adult subjects (18 men, 22 women) had participated to the study after their written consent and approval by the institutional ethics committee. After the baseline testing which consists of fasting glycemia, creatininemia, alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) and aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), each subject consumed one Garcinia kola seed per day during 90 days. Then, every 30 days, the same testing was performed. Glycemia was determined by endpoint colometric method for assaying enzyme using glucose oxidase; creatinine by colometric kinetic assay using the JAFFE reagent; and aminotransferases by UV enzyme kinetics. Student’s t test helped compare the mean values of the parameters determined at the beginning and at the end of the experiment at the threshold of 5%. Results: The mean values at the beginning and at the end of the experiment were glycemia in g/L (0.81± 0.20 vs 0.84 ± 0.14), creatininemia in mg/L (9.36 ± 2.44 vs 8.01 ± 2.15), ALAT in UI/L (27.19 ± 15.77 vs 25.60 ± 12.45) and ASAT in UI/L (28.46 ± 11.52 vs 23.30 ± 8.48). A significant decrease of creatininemia and ASAT was observed (p = .010 and .025 respectively). Conclusion: The consumption of the Garcinia kola seed has a nephroprotective and hepatoprotective effect.

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Physico-Chemical and Nutritive Properties of Bitter Kola (Garcinia Kola)

Cited by 10 publications

References 7 publications

Lipids and Fatty Acid Profiling of Major Indian Garcinia Fruit: A Comparative Study and its Nutritional Impact

Lipids and Fatty Acid Profiling of Major Indian Garcinia Fruit: A Comparative Study and its Nutritional Impact

Effect of Garcinia kola seeds supplemented diet on growth performance and gonadal development of Oreochromis niloticus juveniles breed in ponds

Effect of the Garcinia kola Seed on Glycemia, Creatininemia and Aminotransferases in Adult Subjects

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