Physico-chemical material characterization of historic unreinforced masonry buildings: The first step for a suitable intervention

Martínez, I.; Castillo, Á.; Martínez, Eliana; Castellote, Marta

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.09.091

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Where: SiO 2 = silicon oxide Al 2 O 3 = aluminium oxide Fe 2 O 3 = iron oxide CaO = calcium oxide MgO = magnesium oxide According to Martínez et al (2013) and Brosnan (2014), the CI quantities as identified in Table 1 are an indication of lime and cement content in mortar samples.…”

Section: Chemical Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of heritage cementing materials for restoration purposes: A review

Loke¹,

Pallav²,

Haldenwang³

2020

J. S. Afr. Inst. Civ. Eng.

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Characterisation of heritage cementing materials has become a topic of great importance in the protection of culture and history for future generations. The original cementing material analysis helps to achieve compatible and long-term restoration of heritage buildings. The analysis is done for different purposes - research, compatibility assessment prior to restoration and/or documentation. There are several analytical techniques that many researchers use for analysing the composition of original cementing materials. However, until the present time, the choice of the analytical method depended solely on the researchers' discretion and personal preference. The common methods include microscopic, wet chemical and x-ray analyses. The purpose of this paper is to review the technical literature pertaining to the characterisation (physical, chemical, mineralogical and mechanical) of original heritage cementing materials and its application in proposed restoration work. The knowledge of originally used materials and types of binder, aggregates and additives (in some cases) is considered a useful tool in the search of the compatible repair materials by the construction industry, especially in South Africa where the standard procedure for heritage cementing material characterisation has not been well documented.

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Section: Chemical Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of heritage cementing materials for restoration purposes: A review

Loke¹,

Pallav²,

Haldenwang³

2020

J. S. Afr. Inst. Civ. Eng.

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“…Many techniques have been successfully applied in the characterization, including X-ray diffraction [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29], macroscopic observation [28], petrography [28,29], physical analysis [28], infrared spectroscopy [16,20], chemical analysis [26][27][28], thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTG) [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28], mechanical tests [20], and granulometry [16,28,29].…”

Section: Importance Of Technological Support In Restorationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Analytical Investigation of Stains on Dimension Stones in Master Valentim’s Fountain, Brazil

2018

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Master Valentim’s fountain has become an important historical patrimony for Brazil, being portrayed by famous artists, among them Jean-Baptiste Debret. In 1938, it was registered as cultural heritage by the Brazilian National Historical and Artistic Heritage Institute (IPHAN), and in 1990 it was subjected to excavation and restoration works. The fountain was built in Gneiss and Lioz limestone, with metallic plates and mortar connecting the Gneiss blocks. Currently, deteriorations in the fountain stones can be observed, such as light stains and some aesthetic modifications caused by inadequate restorations. Petrography, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), XRD, physical properties, colorimetry, electrical conductivity, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), and TGA were performed in order to characterize the Gneiss blocks, the metallic plates, and the stones used in previous restorations, as well as light stains observed on the Gneiss blocks. The petrography and XRD analyses inferred that the light stains may have been caused by the formation of an insoluble salt as a result of the association of the lead from the plates with other elements. The XRD analysis on the light staining area indicated the presence of cerussite (PbCO3) and anglesite (PbSO4), which are the probable cause of the light stains. The SEM-EDX results suggested that sulfur is the main element associated to lead.

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“…These masonry walls are made of two external slender stone leaves, often un-connected through the wall thickness, and an inner core made of loose aggregates bound together by poor quality lime mortar (Figure 1a). Past experimental studies report that multi-leaf walls show a weak in-plane strength that is strongly connected to the strength of its weakest component ( [1], [2]), usually the mortar [3], and to the presence/absence of transversal connections between the two outer leaves [4]. Past earthquakes, such as the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake in Italy ( [5], [6]) further showed the intrinsic vulnerability of this masonry type where repeated cyclic deformations can trigger delamination of the outer leaves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shaking Table Test of a Full Scale Three-Leaf Masonry Wall

Michele

Spacone

Camata

et al. 2022

Preprint

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This paper discusses the main results of a full-scale shaking table test campaign carried out under the auspices of the EU funded research project SERA, whose objective is to investigate the seismic performance of three-leaf masonry walls with weak lime-mortar joints. These masonry walls are widely found in seismic prone regions in the Mediterranean area, thus assessing their behaviour under dynamic actions is an important pre-requisite for the seismic vulnerability evaluation of a plethora of historical centres. The first part of the paper presents a preliminary study on the mechanical properties of the wall component materials that was carried out through an ad-hoc experimental campaign. The outcomes are of particular interest for the characterization of the mortar and of the infill materials, that were designed to reproduce the low strength that is typically found in old masonry buildings. The design of the masonry wall that was tested and the test set-up are presented next. The applied loading protocol consisted of the horizontal component of a ground motion record that is repeatedly applied to the shaking table with increasing intensity. Finally, the main results of the experimental test are discussed. The damage patterns, drift ratios and base shear are presented for the ground motion sequence. The results are also discussed through a dynamic capacity curve that shows the attainment of different limit states with increasing ground motion intensity. A set of nonlinear numerical simulations, both static and dynamic, using a 3D FE model of the wall verify the experimental study as they report good agreement with the experimental tests and exhibit stable numerical behaviour.

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Physico-chemical material characterization of historic unreinforced masonry buildings: The first step for a suitable intervention

Cited by 20 publications

References 17 publications

Characterisation of heritage cementing materials for restoration purposes: A review

Characterisation of heritage cementing materials for restoration purposes: A review

Multi-Analytical Investigation of Stains on Dimension Stones in Master Valentim’s Fountain, Brazil

Shaking Table Test of a Full Scale Three-Leaf Masonry Wall

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