Physico-chemical properties of the Ti5O9 Magneli phase with potential application as a neural stimulation electrode

New ceramic electrodes allow reaching the target current density in bioelectrochemical systems

“…Herein, we report on the use of a cryogenic templating technique (ISISA) in combination with the chemistry of titanium suboxides (Magnéli phases) to build up new ice-templated 15 titanium-based ceramics (ITTC) featuring biocompatibility towards Geobacter sulfurreducens, unidirectionally ordered macrochannels (10-15µm in diameter), maximized electrical conductivity and long term stability. The proposed ITTC electrodes challenge traditional carbon-based configurations in 20 supporting the growth of electroactive bacterial films, with an energy conversion performance which levels that of any of the available materials on the current state of research.…”

Materials directed to implants for repairing Central Nervous System

“…Materials developed from TiO 2 reduction in N 2 /H 2 (90:10) atmosphere at 1400 ºC, showed a high porosity in the surface, high electrical conductivity at body temperature, >9500 S/cm, electrochemical stability at physiological conditions and no toxicity (86). Moreover, transfer charge in PBS and NB is carry out through capacitive mechanism (26,86). The charge storage capacitive are 77 and 107 mC/cm 2 respectively (26,85).…”

“…Moreover, these type of materials present high resistance in hard redox conditions. All these properties makes than one of the most important application of these materials is as electrodes (86)(87)(88)(89)(90).…”

“…But the main process to obtain the Magnéli phases, is by reduction from TiO 2 in thermal treatment at temperatures higher than 1000 ºC and in low-oxygen containing atmospheres, as H 2 (76,85,86).…”

Electronic and magnetic properties of theTi5O9Magnéli phase

“…Up to today, there are only a few DFT calculations on Ti 4 O 7 [16][17][18][19][20] , and to our knowledge, they are completely lacking for higher-n phases. Therefore, in this work we aimed to develop a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the phase transitions in Magnéli phases like Ti 5 O 9 , which, due to its high electrical conductivity and chemical stability, has a promising application not only in electrochemical engineering, but even in medicine as a neural stimulation electrode 21 . With this aim we performed DFT calculations in order to illuminate the changes in its electronic structure on a microscopic level and establish relations between the structural, electronic and magnetic properties and their implications for conductive phenomena.…”