Physico-Chemical, Thermal, and Electrochemical Analysis of Solid Polymer Electrolyte from Vegetable Oil-Based Polyurethane

Abstract

In this paper, we report the preparation of bio-based polyurethane (PU) from renewable vegetable oil. The PU was synthesized through the reaction between jatropha oil-based polyol and isocyanate in a one-shot method. Then, lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) salt was added to the polyurethane system to form an electrolyte film via a solution casting technique. The solid polymer electrolyte was characterized through several techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR), electrochemical studies, thermal studies by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The NMR analysis confirmed that the polyurethane was successfully synthesized and the intermolecular reaction had occurred in the electrolytes system. The FTIR results show the shifting of the carbonyl group (C=O), ether and ester group (C–O–C), and amine functional groups (N–H) in PU–LiClO4 electrolytes compared to the blank polyurethane, which suggests that interaction occurred between the oxygen and nitrogen atom and the Li+ ion as they acted as electron donors in the electrolytes system. DSC analysis shows a decreasing trend in glass transition temperature, Tg and melting point, Tm of the polymer electrolyte as the salt content increases. Further, DMA analysis shows similar behavior in terms of Tg. The ionic conductivity increased with increasing salt content until the optimum value. The dielectric analysis reveals that the highest conducting electrolyte has the lowest relaxation time. The electrochemical behavior of the PU electrolytes is in line with the Tg result from the thermal analysis.

Preparation and properties of a novel green solid polymer electrolyte for all‐solid‐state lithium battery

“…However, the room temperature (25°C) conductivity of IWPUS‐15 and IWPUS‐20 is 1.6 × 10 −5 and 2.0 × 10 −5 s·cm −1 , which was slightly higher than that of IWPU. This is much higher than that of Mustapa's work 18 with same LiClO 4 content and Adam's work 19 . It may be due to the increase of lithium salt content, the complexation between lithium ion and polyurethane chain segment was greater than the concentration polarization effect, so the conductivity was improved.…”

“…Compare with other matrices mentioned above, due to the special structure of soft and hard segments of polyurethane, on the one hand, the soft segment has strong molecular chain activity and can be complex with lithium ions, which can ensure a high ionic conductivity; on the other hand, the hard segment can provide good mechanical properties and machinability, which has attracted more and more attention in recent years. Mustapa reported that lithium perchlorate (LiClO 4 ) salt was added to the polyurethane system to form an electrolyte film via a solution casting technique 18 . Adam prepared palm‐based cationic polyurethane membranes for solid polymer electrolytes 19…”

Substantial Proton Ion Conduction in Methylcellulose/Pectin/Ammonium Chloride Based Solid Nanocomposite Polymer Electrolytes: Effect of ZnO Nanofiller

“…In SPEs, the polymer–salt complexation promotes polymer backbone flexibility by reducing the intermolecular interaction within the composite polymer host. This feature enables rapid segmental motion, which aids in ion migration [ 42 ]. Additionally, the ionic mobility of polymer chains is dependent on their segmental motion in the amorphous phase, which is defined by the glass transition temperature (T g ).…”

High performance polyurethane–polyacrylic acid polymer binders for silicon microparticle anodes in lithium-ion batteries

“…For PU, the peaks observed between 0.9 and 1.1 ppm correspond to the CH 3 –C(CH 2 )– structure. 33 For the PAA polymer, there are two kinds of active hydrogen in the molecular structure, so there are two types of peaks in the spectrum. The signals varying from 1.26 to 1.88 ppm are related to –CH 2 – on the backbone of PAA, and the peak with a chemical shift at 2.22 ppm corresponds to the methylene region on the backbone of PAA.…”