Physico-mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of furfuryl alcohol/2-ethylhexyl methacrylate/halloysite nanoclay wood polymer nanocomposites (WPNCs)

Abstract

In this study, the physical, morphological, mechanical and thermal properties of furfuryl alcohol/2-ethylhexyl methacrylate/halloysite nanoclay wood polymer nanocomposites (FA-co-EHMA-HNC WPNCs) were investigated. FA-co-EHMA-HNC WPNCs were prepared via an impregnation method and the properties of the nanocomposites were characterized through the weight percent gain, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), three-point flexural test, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis and moisture absorption test. The weight percent gain in the 50:50 FA-co-EHMA-HNC WPNC was the highest compared with the raw wood (RW) and other WPNCs. The FT-IR results confirmed that polymerization took place in the nanocomposites, especially 50:50 FA-co-EHMA-HNC WPNC, which had a reduced amount of hydroxyl groups. The SEM results revealed that the 50:50 FA-co-EHMA-HNC WPNC had the smoothest and most uniform surface among all of the nanocomposites. The 50:50 FA-co-EHMA-HNC WPNC showed the highest flexural strength and modulus of elasticity. The results revealed that the storage modulus and loss modulus of the FA-co-EHMA-HNC WPNCs were higher and the tan δ of FA-co-EHMA-HNC WNPCs was lower compared with the RW. The FA-co-EHMA-HNC WPNCs exhibited the higher thermal stability in the TGA and DSC analysis. The 50:50 FA-co-EHMA-HNC WPNC exhibited remarkably lower moisture absorption compared with the RW. Overall, this study proved that the ratio 50:50 FA-co-EHMA ratio was the most suitable for introduction in the in the RW.

Structural characterization of Argania spinosa Moroccan wooden artifacts during natural degradation progress using infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD)

“…1), the C=O ester band at 1732 cm −1 was found in all four samples (A, B, C, D) decreasing in intensities from recent to aged one, and ascribed to acetoxy group (H 3 C-(C=O)–O-). It corresponds to the free conjugated carbonyl groups of carboxylic acid originating from oxidative primary alcohol CH 2 OH on side chain of xylan in hemicelluloses or in heterocyclic cellulosic ring (Rahman et al., 2017).…”

“…ATR-FTIR spectroscopy was widely used to investigate and monitor many types of art works in cultural heritage and building materials such as reinforced with polypropylene (Peng et al., 2015), cellulosic wood weathering degradation (Lionetto et al., 2012), and construction materials and their chromatic alteration (case of cathedral of S. Giorgio in Italy) (Barone et al., 2008). In a recent study, it is used to monitor and to confirm the reinforced methacrylate/halloysite nanoclay wood polymer nanocomposites, expected to be used in building materials in exterior or interior applications (Rahman et al., 2017).…”

Degradative Ability of Mushrooms Cultivated on Corn Silage Digestate

“…The major peaks can be listed as follows: 1740 cm −1 is ascribed to unconjugated C=O in xylans (hemicellulose) or in the heterocyclic cellulosic rings [ 28 ]; 1727 cm −1 is due to H-bonded acid/ketone carbonyl groups; ~1645 cm −1 is assigned to C=O stretching in conjugated ketones, water and amide I (proteins); ~1590 and 1510 cm −1 are attributed to aromatic skeletal vibrations (C═C) and aromatic breathing in lignin, respectively [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]; ~1547 cm −1 is related to amide II (proteins); 1457 cm −1 is due to C–H-bending in lignin and hemicelluloses and 1423 and 1370 cm −1 are assigned to CH 2 and CH 3 -bending vibrations, respectively. These bands are typical of the mixture of both crystalline and amorphous cellulose [ 32 ]; 1318 cm −1 is attributed to C-H bending in crystallized cellulose I [ 33 ], and ~1240 cm −1 is assigned to the syringyl ring in lignin and C–O stretching in xylan of hemicellulose [ 25 , 34 ].…”

Valorization of Hazelnut Shells as Growing Substrate for Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms

“…More precisely, the peak centered at 1734 cm −1 could be ascribed to acetyl and uronic ester groups in hemicellulose and ρ-coumaric acids in lignin [40]. The bands at 1613 cm −1 and 1509 cm −1 corresponded to the aromatic skeletal vibration in lignin [52] as well as the bands at 1458 cm −1 . In addition, the bands at 1422 cm −1 were derived from C-H bending in lignin.…”

“…In the fingerprint region (1800-600 cm −1 ) of the substrate spectra, WS and HS, and after 30 days of mycelial growth, consistent structural variation for both substrates were found for G. lucidum, L. edodes, and P. cornucopiae (Figure 2a,b). In the WS spectrum (black line) (Figure 2a), the bands at 1735 cm −1 , due to unconjugated C=O, and at 1460 cm −1 (C-H deformation), correspond to those of xylan (hemicellulose) or the heterocyclic cellulosic rings [52]. The peak at 1623 cm −1 may be assigned to carboxylates in aromatic rings.…”