Physicochemical Characteristics of Biochars Derived From Corn, Hardwood, Miscanthus, and Horse Manure Biomasses

Nagel, Kurt; Hoilett, Nigel; Mottaleb, M. Abdul; Meziani, Mohammed J.; Wistrom, Jonathan; Bellamy, Michael K.

doi:10.1080/00103624.2019.1594881

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…(Fig. S5 and S6 † ), corresponding to the XRD result and the previous report by Nagel et al 55 The coexistence of amorphous carbon and crystalline minerals in HMNCs is in accordance with the above TEM results. Raman spectroscopic measurements were performed to further investigate the structural properties of HMNCs.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Nitrogen-doped carbon derived from horse manure biomass as a catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction

et al. 2022

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Nitrogen-doped carbon derived from horse manure biomass as a catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction

et al. 2022

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“…Among crops, the largest amount of waste during agricultural production [20,25] or postharvest processes [26] can result from corn [27,28]. Corn has a high yield potential and a variety of applications [29][30][31]. The increase in corn production observed in recent years is mainly due to the rising demand for biofuel production in the industrial processing sector [32,33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Consumption and Quality of Pellets Made of Waste from Corn Grain Drying Process

et al. 2022

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The aim of this study was to assess the possibility of managing the waste resulting from the corn grain drying process as a biofuel characterized by low energy consumption in the compaction process and to evaluate the quality of the pellets made of this waste. The waste was agglomerated in the form of corn grain (CG), husks (CH), and cobs (CC), and their mixtures were prepared in a 4:1 volume ratio. The results of the analyses showed that CH was the most advantageous material for agglomeration due to the process’s low energy consumption (47.6 Wh·kg−1), while among the prepared mixtures, CC-CH was the most energy-efficient (54.7 Wh·kg−1). Pellets made of the CH-CC mixture were characterized by good quality parameters, with a satisfactory lower heating value (13.09 MJ·kg−1) and low energy consumption in the agglomeration process (55.3 Wh·kg−1). Moreover, data analysis revealed that the obtained pellets had density (1.24 kg∙dm−3) and mechanical durability (89%), which are important in their transport and storage. The findings of this study suggest that the use of waste from the corn grain drying process, in the form of pellets, may allow obtaining granules with different quality.

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“…Previous studies reported almost complete volatilization of S, Cl, and Zn and partial release of K and P at temperatures < 1000°C but diverged with respect to the behavior of other elements (Etiégni et Campbell 1991;Fagerström et al 2016). The enrichment of mineral content in hardwood biochar has been documented for Mg, Mn, Al, Fe, and Na (Nagel et al 2019). According to Thy et al (2017), elements either volatilize during decomposition at low temperatures (250-475°C for Sc, V, Ti, Cr, Mg, and Sr) or at high temperatures (900-1300°C: for REE s, alkali metals K, Rb, Cs, and Cd, Sb, Sn).…”

Section: 5mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Thy et al (2017) considered the differential loss between elements and did not report the initial elemental concentrations in wood, which might explain why Mg and Sr were classified as elements decomposing at low temperatures in this study. Among the elements considered weakly volatile below 800°C in Nagel et al (2019) and Thy et al (2017), Mg, Mn, K, and Rb were also defined as refractory elements in our study (Section 3.3). Studies dealing with pyrolysis are scarce, especially in archaeological contexts (Fermé et al 2015), and it should be borne in mind that the aforementioned examples were developed for purposes of fuel pellet manufacturing from biomass and mostly in laboratory conditions different from ours (pyrolysis in a furnace with temperature control versus uncontrolled pyrolysis in muffle furnace).…”

Section: 5mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-elemental and Strontium-Neodymium Isotopic Signatures in Charred Wood: Potential for Wood Provenance Studies

et al. 2023

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The chemical composition of the wood reflects the composition of the soil over which the corresponding tree has developed. Multi-elemental and isotopic signatures, which are characteristic of the soil and underlying rock substrates, are potentially powerful tools for determining wood provenance. These tracers are of special interest for charred archaeological wood because they circumvent some limitations of dendrochronological provenancing linked to tree-ring loss. However, thermal degradation may introduce a significant bias in wood chemical and isotopic analyses. This experimental study focused on the effects of carbonization temperature on three geochemical wood markers: elemental signatures and isotopic signatures of strontium and neodymium (86Sr/87Sr and 143Nd/144Nd, respectively). Wood specimens from a variety of oak trees and stand locations were pyrolyzed at four temperatures (ranging from 200°C to 800°C) and analyzed using ICP-MS and µ-XRF (X-ray fluorescence) spectroscopy for elemental composition and with multiple collection ICP-MS (MC-ICP-MS) for strontium (Sr) and neodymium (Nd) isotope composition. The concentration of mineral nutrients generally increased with temperature, but the magnitude of the enrichment depended on the element, wood compartment (sapwood vs. heartwood), and geological substrate. The concentrations of rubidium, strontium, manganese, magnesium, potassium, and, to a lesser extent, calcium, were minimally affected by temperature, wood compartment, and substrate. The ratios between the concentrations of these elements, as well as the 86Sr/87Sr and 143Nd/144Nd isotope ratios, were stable over the entire temperature range. However, only 86Sr/87Sr and selected elemental ratios (calcium or magnesium normalized to manganese) were successful for site discrimination. Therefore, our multi-tracer approach provides promising new information to determine the provenance of charred archaeological wood.

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Physicochemical Characteristics of Biochars Derived From Corn, Hardwood, Miscanthus, and Horse Manure Biomasses

Cited by 14 publications

References 38 publications

Nitrogen-doped carbon derived from horse manure biomass as a catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction

Nitrogen-doped carbon derived from horse manure biomass as a catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction

Energy Consumption and Quality of Pellets Made of Waste from Corn Grain Drying Process

Multi-elemental and Strontium-Neodymium Isotopic Signatures in Charred Wood: Potential for Wood Provenance Studies

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