Physicochemical Characterization and Evaluation of Seasonal Variations of Landfill Leachate and Groundwater Quality around Tanjaro Open Dump Area of Sulaymaniyah City, Kurdistan, Iraq

Abstract

The current study is concerned with the primary environmental assessment of the physicochemical characterization of seasonal fluctuations in the leachate of Tanjaro open dump site in Sulaymaniyah City, and its impact on the quality of the groundwater. The primary characteristics of the leachates were their high levels of organic and inorganic components and their toxicity because of the presence of heavy metal concentrations. For almost all physicochemical parameters, the leachate from the Tanjaro area dumping has incredibly high values. All heavy metals were present in leachate, with the exception of cadmium and mercury, albeit at levels below their respective permitted limits. The characterization revealed that Leachate 1 (L1) may be referred to as young leachate, whereas Leachate 2 (L2) and Leachate 3 (L3) can be referred to as old leachate due to their pH values. It was indicated that the Tanjaro dumping is operating and in the early stages of stabilization. BOD5/COD was around 0.63, and the leachate was highly biodegradable in the anaerobic phase. Groundwater, which contains little to no organic matter, was not found to be severely affected by monitoring wells located close to the dumpsites. The conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, Mn, and Fe were some of the values that went above the WHO guidelines. Correlation analysis was used as a preliminary descriptive technique to establish the strength of the association between the relevant variables. Some parameters were discovered to be statistically significantly correlated with one another, pointing to a close connection between these parameters.

Evaluation The Leachate Characteristics and its Impacts on Groundwater Contamination Around Al-Diwaniyah Open Dumpsite

“…BOD5/COD ratio (0.09) less than 0.1 evidence that leachate has settled and the dump is in the methanogenic stage of anaerobic decomposition. On the other hand, Higher BOD5/COD ratios of more than 0.6 were observed by Rashid et al for Open Dumpsites in Sulaymaniyah City, indicating High biodegradability for leachate during an anaerobic phase [22]. Leachate sample was also examined for the presence of major anions like Cl -, SO4 -2 , and NO3 -.…”

“…The highest concentration was recorded in GW1 during December, and the lowest value in GW3 during September Figure 5, it was observed that there is a discrepancy in the concentration of wells, especially during December, and may be the reason for the increase in some values due to the large number of pollutants that are thrown in the dumpsite, in addition to being affected by the rain factor in winter because the rains wash away the suspended solids as a result of leaching operations, this pollutes groundwater and increases its concentrations. In contrast, Rashid et al obtained a high concentration of TSS in groundwater around the Tanjaro dump of Sulaymaniyah City [22]. According to WHO [15], all wells are located outside the validity of drinking water except GW3, Table 3.…”

“…This occurs as a result of the reduced quality of water, inhibit photosynthesis, and ultimately resulting in more bottom sediment and reduction in depth of water [21]. Rashid et al showed higher electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids values when they examined the leaching behavior in three leachate samples from the Tanjaro dumpsite in Sulaymaniyah City [22]. High amount of total suspended solids in leachate 1328 mg/L reflect the presence of organic matter, inorganic matter, mud, microorganisms, etc.…”