Physicochemical characterization of carbamylated human serum albumin: anin vitrostudy

Abstract

Carbamylation is an ubiquitous process in which cyanate (OCN−) reacts with the N-terminal amino or ε-amino moiety and generates α-carbamyl amino acids and ε-carbamyl-lysine (homocitrulline).

The impact of maternal electrolyte and albumin levels on the efficacy of single-dose methotrexate treatment for ectopic pregnancies

“…While methotrexate has a half-life of 2-3 hours, albumin’s half-life extends to 18-19 days. Elevated albumin levels can potentially lead to an increased distribution volume of methotrexate, potentially augmenting its therapeutic response ( 14 , 15 ) . Consequently, monitoring albumin levels in methotrexate-treated patients could offer valuable insights into optimizing therapeutic outcomes in ectopic pregnancy management.…”

“…When substances are bound to albumin, they remain inactive in the plasma. This suggests that the efficacy and duration of drug action could be influenced by fluctuations in plasma carrier proteins, notably albumin levels ( 13 , 14 , 15 ) . The presence of albumin’s dual metal ion binding sites enables it to bind with a range of ions, including zinc, copper, cadmium, mercury, gold, silver, and nickel.…”

Insight into the Autoantibody Landscape in Rheumatoid Arthritis for Companion Diagnostics

“…Anti-carP antibodies have been shown to be present in both ACPA-positive and ACPA-negative RA patients and may be associated with a more severe disease course (166,167). Anti-carP antibodies targets carbamylated epitopes which is created by the conversion of lysine to homocitrulline by cyanate (167,168). Smoking has been shown to induce carbamylation, most likely by indirectly increasing the amount of cyanate by increasing thiocyanate, which can be oxidized to cyanate by myeloperoxidase in neutrophils, which are highly present in synovial fluid (169)(170)(171)(172).…”