, which is centered about the middle of the long axis through the -barrel. In addition, some intermolecular NOEs with methyl groups of the DHPC polar head were identified along both boundaries of this cylinder jacket. The experimental data suggest that the hydrophobic surface areas of OmpX are covered with a monolayer of DHPC molecules, which appears to mimic quite faithfully the embedding of the -barrel in a doublelayer lipid membrane.NOE ͉ detergents ͉ solvation of membrane proteins ͉ intermolecular NOEs M embrane proteins constitute about one-third of all proteins encoded by the genomes of living organisms. However, they are strongly underrepresented in the database of 3D protein structures, which reflects the big challenge presented by this class of proteins to structural biologists. Apart from difficulties related to high-yield expression, purification, and refolding, considerable additional effort is usually required for finding either suitable crystallization conditions or solution conditions for NMR measurements, whereby detergent micelles, bicelles, lipid bilayers, or lipid vesicles are commonly used as a replacement of the natural membrane environment (1-4). For solution NMR studies, the overall size of the mixed protein͞deter-gent͞lipid supramolecular structure is an important factor, in addition to the preservation of the natural structure and function of the protein, and this combined demand has most promisingly been met with protein-detergent micelles. The use of transverse relaxation-optimized spectroscopy (TROSY) (5-9) and advanced isotope labeling strategies (10) has now actually opened avenues for NMR structure determination of integral membrane proteins reconstituted in detergent micelles (1,(11)(12)(13). In this context, the nature of the protein-detergent interactions in mixed micelles is of keen interest.Various different schemes for the interaction between detergent molecules and membrane proteins have been suggested (14,15). Based on lipid binding quantification by chromatographic methods and model calculations on sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2ϩ -ATPase, Møller and le Maire (14) proposed that formation of a monolayer rather than a bilayer type of interaction is the basis for solubilization of membrane proteins by detergents. With reference to unfolding studies of the Escherichia coli outer membrane protein OmpA in micelles formed by detergent molecules with different chain lengths, Kleinschmidt et al. (15) advanced the idea that a monolayer or a prolate ellipsoid arrangement of detergent molecules on the hydrophobic protein surface prevails in the mixed micelles. In this paper, we use solution NMR spectroscopy for further experimental studies of membrane protein-detergent interactions.The potentialities of high-resolution NMR spectroscopy for studies of the architecture of mixed polypeptide-detergent micelles have long been recognized (16)(17)(18)(19), and the technique also has recently been applied with membrane protein fragments (20-22).Here, we present a study of the intact integral...