Physicochemical characterization of α‐chitin, β‐chitin, and γ‐chitin separated from natural resources

Jang, Mi-Kyeong; Kong, Byeong-Gi; Jeong, Young‐Il; Lee, Chang Hyung; Nah, Jae‐Woon

doi:10.1002/pola.20176

Cited by 542 publications

(381 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Chitosan derived by partial N-deacetylation of chitin is also a straight-chain polymer of glucosamine and N-acetyl glucosamine (Muzzarelli et al 1997). α-Chitin, the most abundant in nature, has a structure of antiparallel chains and is found in the crab, shrimp and lobster whereas β-chitin found in squid has intrasheet hydrogen bonding by parallel chains (Jang et al 2004;Minke and Blackwell 1978). However, γ-chitin found in the cell walls of fungi has a mixture of parallel and antiparallel chains, which is a combination of α-chitin and β-chitin (Jang et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…α-Chitin, the most abundant in nature, has a structure of antiparallel chains and is found in the crab, shrimp and lobster whereas β-chitin found in squid has intrasheet hydrogen bonding by parallel chains (Jang et al 2004;Minke and Blackwell 1978). However, γ-chitin found in the cell walls of fungi has a mixture of parallel and antiparallel chains, which is a combination of α-chitin and β-chitin (Jang et al 2004). Because chitin and chitosan possesses many beneficially biological properties such as antimicrobial activity (Kobayashi et al 1990;Tokoro et al 1989), biocompatibility, biodegradability, haemostatic activity and wound healing property, much attention has been paid to its biomedical applications (Farkas 1990;Fleet and Phaff 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Vitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Chitosan Isolated from Podophthalmus Vigil

Prabu¹

2012

J. App. Pharm. Sci.

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In the present study, Chitin has been extracted from Podophthalmus vigil. The obtained chitin was transformed into the more useful chitosan we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of different concentrations (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) of chitosan against 10 species of bacteria and fungi by agar-disc diffusion method. As the concentration of chitosan increased, the antimicrobial effect was strengthened. In the conjugated diene method, the total antioxidant activity of chitosan was ranging from 18.37% to 79.58% at varying concentrations (0.1 to 10mg/ml). The reducing capability ranged from of 0.12% to 0.48% at varying concentration (0.1 to 10mg/ml). The 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging potential of chitosan ranged from 18.08% to 55.56% at varying concentrations (0.1 to 10mg/ml). The chelating ability of chitosan from Podophthalmus vigil on ferrous ions was ranging from 25.82% to 73.54% for the concentration between 0.1-10mg/ml. Hydroxyl radicals scavenging activity of chitosan (0.125-2 mg/ml) was found to be higher than the ascorbic acid and the range was from 23.18% to 93.28%. Superoxide anion radical was ranging from 5.21% to 65.81% for the concentration between 0.125-2 mg/ml. overall, chitosan from Podophthalmus vigil was good in antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, and may be used as a source of antioxidants, as a possible food supplement or ingredient in the pharmaceutical industry. .

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Chitosan Isolated from Podophthalmus Vigil

Prabu¹

2012

J. App. Pharm. Sci.

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“…An important number of research studies and reviews have stated the potential use of chitosan in a great number of industrial processes, taking into account its worthy characteristics and the fact that it is the second abundant natural polymer in the world -the first one is cellulose (Jang, Kong, Jeong, Lee, & Nah, 2004). Several possible uses of this polymer are centred on different fields such as agriculture and the environment, the pharmaceutical industry, as well as food processes (Chen et al, 2008;Ho, Mi, Sung, & Kuo, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical characterization of chitosan derivatives

Seoane

Abuín

Gómez‐Díaz

et al. 2013

CyTA - Journal of Food

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The present work analyses different chitosan synthesized derivatives from the point of view of their chemical structure (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, deacetylation degree, elemental analysis and average molecular weight) as well as different physicochemical properties such as density, kinematic and dynamic viscosity, intrinsic viscosity and surface tension. The characterization of different solutions of these solutes has a high importance due to the large potential uses of these compounds. Chitosan has low solubility in water, and for this reason, the present work has synthesized soluble chitosan derivatives. Important differences between original chitosan and synthesized derivatives have been found in different properties.Keywords: chitosan; derivatives; viscosity; surface tension El presente trabajo analiza distintos derivados sintetizados del quitosano desde el punto de vista de su estructura quı´mica (FTIR, grado de desacetilacio´n, ana´lisis elemental y peso molecular medio), ası´como de distintas propiedades fı´sico-quı´mica como son la densidad, viscosidad cinema´tica y dina´mica, viscosidad intrı´nseca y tensio´n superficial. La caracterizacio´n de las disoluciones acuosas de estos solutos tiene una elevada importancia debido al gran potencial en el uso de estos compuestos. El quitosano tiene una baja solubilidad en agua y por este motivo este trabajo ha sintetizado derivados solubles de quitosano. Se han encontrado diferencias importantes en algunas propiedades entre los resultados experimentales correspondientes al quitosano y a sus derivados.

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“…One of the best examples for naturally pure chitin are cell wall appendices of diatoms [10,11], and some enzymes involved in their formation have recently been identified [12,13]. As originally determined by fiber diffraction studies [14-17], three major modifications of chitin are distinguished: a-, b-, and g-chitin [18,19], which differ from each other by the arrangement and molar fractions of differently oriented poly-N-acetylated linear b(1!4) glucosamine (i.e. chitobiose homopolymer, Fig.…”

Section: Chitin In Organisms Chitin In Extracellular Matrices Of Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species-specific shells: Chitin synthases and cell mechanics in molluscs

Weiss¹

2012

Zeitschrift Für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials

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Abstract. The size, morphology and species-specific texture of mollusc shell biominerals is one of the unresolved questions in nature. In search of molecular control principles, chitin has been identified by Weiner and Traub (FEBS Lett. 1980, 111 : 311-316) as one of the organic compounds with a defined co-organization with mineral phases. Chitin fibers can be aligned with certain mineralogical axes of crystalline calcium carbonate in a speciesspecific manner. These original observations motivated the functional characterization of chitin forming enzymes in molluscs. The full-length cDNA cloning of mollusc chitin synthases identified unique myosin domains as part of the biological control system. The potential impact of molecular motors and other conserved domains of these complex transmembrane enzymes on the evolution of shell biomineralization is investigated and discussed in this article. Chitin in organisms Chitin in extracellular matrices of cellsIn the end of the 19th century, there was a hot debate regarding the chemical nature of chitin. It lasted until acetylated glucosamine was found in alkaline melts of the carapace of diverse arthropods in contrast to tunicate cellulose [1], and "mycosin" of fungi in contrast to "fungal cellulose" (reviewed by [2]). Today, fungi are well accepted as one of the most prominent groups of eukaryotic organisms which contain chitin as part of their extracellular matrix [3]. Since chitin is usually associated with proteins, complex carbohydrates and sometimes mineral phases, it remains a challenge until today to characterize the diversity of cell walls and integuments in both, uni-and multicellular organisms [4][5][6][7][8][9]. One of the best examples for naturally pure chitin are cell wall appendices of diatoms [10,11], and some enzymes involved in their formation have recently been identified [12,13]. As originally determined by fiber diffraction studies [14-17], three major modifications of chitin are distinguished: a-, b-, and g-chitin [18,19], which differ from each other by the arrangement and molar fractions of differently oriented poly-N-acetylated linear b(1!4) glucosamine (i.e. chitobiose homopolymer, Fig. 1) backbones. They assemble into fiber crystals which are stabilized by H-bonds in either two or three dimensions [4,20,21]. Squids such as the European Squid Loligo vulgaris or the Humboldt squid Dosidicus gigas, which are members of the molluscan class Cephalopoda, perform the biosynthesis of different chitin polymorphs in a tissuespecific manner. The chitinous organs are associated with different sets of proteins [22]. The N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) chains are assembled into fibrils and hierarchical structures in order to accomodate specific functions such as mechanical stiffness and strength [23,24]. This is important for the functional design, e.g. of insect exoskeletons and additional functions such as structural colours and adhesive micro-pillar appendages [25,26].A major achievement is the abundant information regarding primary structures of enzyme...

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Physicochemical characterization of α‐chitin, β‐chitin, and γ‐chitin separated from natural resources

Cited by 542 publications

References 17 publications

In Vitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Chitosan Isolated from Podophthalmus Vigil

In Vitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Chitosan Isolated from Podophthalmus Vigil

Physicochemical characterization of chitosan derivatives

Species-specific shells: Chitin synthases and cell mechanics in molluscs

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