Physicochemical Properties, Cytocompatibility, and Biocompatibility of a Bioactive Glass Based Retrograde Filling Material

Abstract

The ideal retrograde filling material that is easy to handle, has good physicochemical properties, and is biocompatible has not yet been developed. The current study reports the development of a novel bioactive glass based powder for use as a retrograde filling material that is capable of altering the consistency and hardening rate of mixtures when mixed with existing bioactive glass based cement. Furthermore, its physicochemical properties, in vitro effects on human cementoblast-like cells, and in vivo effects on inflammatory responses were evaluated. The surface of the hardened cement showed the formation of hydroxyapatite-like precipitates and calcium and silicate ions were eluted from the cement when the pH level was stabilized at 10.5. Additionally, the cement was found to be insoluble and exhibited favorable handling properties. No adverse effects on viability, proliferation, and expression of differentiated markers were observed in the in vitro experiment, and the cement was capable of inducing calcium deposition in the cells. Moreover, the cement demonstrated a lower number of infiltrated inflammatory cells compared to the other materials used in the in vivo mouse subcutaneous implantation experiment. These findings suggest that the retrograde filling material composed of bioactive glass and the novel bioactive glass based powder exhibits favorable physicochemical properties, cytocompatibility, and biocompatibility.

Apatite-Forming Ability of Flowable vs. Putty Formulations of Newly Developed Bioactive Glass-Containing Endodontic Cement

“…These findings indicated that both F-NBG and P-NBG formed apatite tested media, although only a scant amount of apatite was formed on F-NBG in 1 BSA-SBF. The positive AFA values of NBGs in SBF [3,10,11] and the negative effe BSA on apatite formation [14,15] are consistent with previous reports.…”

“…The present study has demonstrated that BG-based powder not only changes the consistency of NBG but also improves the AFA level. Moreover, a previous study reported that BG-based powder did not affect the solubility or cytocompatibility of NBG [11]. Based on these findings, it can be speculated that BG-based powder may be helpful in changing the consistency of other BG-based or non-BG-based endodontic materials, improving the AFA level.…”

“…Previous studies have reported that both F-NBG and putty-form NBG (P-NBG) induce apatite formation within 4 days of immersion in artificial body fluid (simulated body fluid [SBF]) with an ion concentration close to that of human blood serum [10,11]; however, the apatite-forming ability (AFA) levels of F-NBG and P-NBG have not been compared. Since AFA depends on the presence of BG, the AFA of P-NBG, which is prepared by adding BG-based powder to F-NBG, may be superior to that of F-NBG.…”

Physicochemical and Antibacterial Properties of Bioactive Retrograde Filling Materials

“…The success of surgical endodontic treatment requires root-end filling materials that are easy to use, biocompatible, stable and economical [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. The goal is to seal the apex hermetically and prevent microorganisms from entering the root canal [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Comparison of curative effect between different retrograde filling materials in young permanent molar root canal therapy

“…One of the critical characteristics of ideal retrograde filling material is enough apical seal supply to prevent leakage of intra-channel stimulants into the apical peripheral tissue (13). Therefore, in the current study, we tried to compare the curative effect of different retrograde filling materials, i.e.…”