Physicochemical Properties of Chitin and Chitosan Produced from Medicinal Fungus (Fomitopsis pinicola)

Abstract

Fomitopsis pincola, which is used as a medicinal fungus in Asia, is widespread throughout the temperate Northern Hemisphere. The fungus's chitin structure was isolated and characterized in this study. It was found that 30.11 % of the dry weight of the fungus consisted of chitin, a very high portion. The chitosan yield from the chitin was 71.75 %. It was calculated that chitin acetylation was 72.5 % and that deacetylation of chitosan was 73.1 %. The maximum temperature of degradation (DTGmax) recorded for the chitin was 341°C and was 265°C for chitosan. The crystalline index (CrI) value of the chitin was 52 %, while it was 41 % for the chitosan. Examination by SEM revealed that the surface morphologies of the chitin and chitosan were formed of nanofibre structures. The FTIR examination identified it as the α form of chitin. As F. pinicola is widespread, abundant and has a high chitin and chitosan content, it may be used as an alternative chitin and chitosan source.

Chitin extraction and chitosan production from cell wall of two mushroom species (Lactarius vellereus and Phyllophora ribis)

“…The DTGmax value determined between 300 -400 o C for α-chitin [35]. The DTGmax values were reported around 350 °C for crustaceans, around 380°C for insects, 341 o C for F. pinicola and 342 o C for X. parietina [22,25,26,31,33]. A similar result was recorded for potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) larvae (DTGmax: 307 °C) by Kaya et al [36].…”

“…The author reported that the chitin contents of Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus and L. edodes were 6.67%, 3.78% and 8.07% for the pileus and 7.31%, 2.8% and 6.55% for the stipes, respectively. Dry weight chitin content of a medicinal fungus Fomitopsis pinicola was found to be 30.11 % and the chitosan yield of this chitin was 71.75 % [25]. Finally, the dry weight chitin content of a lichen species Xanthoria parietina consisting of fungi and algae was determined as 4.23% by Kaya et al [26].…”

“…On the contrary, Ifuku et al [4] obtained chitins which has uniform nanofibre structure from five mushroom species (P. eryngii, A. bisporus, L. edodes, Grifola frondosa and Hypsizygus marmoreus) by grinding the chitins in acidic conditions. Kaya et al [25] revealed that the surface morphologies of chitin and chitosan from F. pinicola consist of nanofibres 10-15 nm in size and nanopores 15-25 nm in size. While, the surface morphologies of chitins and chitosans from L. vellereus and P. ribis were similar to that of lichen X. parietina, they were different from the surface morphologies of mushroom species F. pinicola, P. eryngii, A. bisporus, L. edodes, G. frondosa and H. marmoreus.…”

Hierarchical porous carbon templated with silica spheres of a diameter of 14 nm from pure chitosan or a chitosan/ZnCl2 solution

“…After the addition of silica to the chitosan-ZnCl 2 solution, the bands of 3364 and 3307 cm − 1 in the spectrum of CH_Zn4 are shifted to 3396 and 3310 cm − 1 , respectively, which supports interaction. The spectrum of pure chitosan is characterized by the band of amide group, (C=O), (amide I) at 1655 and 1560 cm − 1 (-NH-), (amide II) band, as well as with the band at 1590 cm − 1 corresponding to the -N-H bending vibrations [45] of primary amine group [58,59]. If the acetic acid played a role of the chitosan's solvent, obtained chitosan acetate films should be washed in ammonia water solution and methanol to remove acetate residues and obtain pure chitosan films [58].…”

Silk Fibroin and Spidroin Bioengineering Constructions for Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (Review)

“…Chitin is the most widespread natural polysaccharide. It is the main component of the exoskeletons of many invertebrates [82], but is also found in the cell walls of fungi and bacteria, where it performs protective and supporting functions [83]. Chitin is a rigid semi-transparent polymer, insoluble in water, resistant to the effects of dilute acids, and alkalis, and to alcohol and other organic solvents.…”