Physicochemical Properties of Novel Copolymers of Quaternary Ammonium UDMA Analogues, Bis-GMA, and TEGDMA

Abstract

This study aimed to elucidate the physicochemical properties of copolymers comprising 40 wt.% bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA), 40 wt.% quaternary ammonium urethane-dimethacrylate analogues (QAUDMA-m, where m corresponds to the number of carbon atoms in the N-alkyl substituent), and 20 wt.% triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) copolymers (BG:QAm:TEGs). The BG:QAm:TEG liquid monomer compositions and reference compositions (40 wt.% Bis-GMA, 40 wt.% urethane-dimethacrylate (UDMA), 20 wt.% TEGDMA (BG:UD:TEG) and 60 wt.% Bis-GMA, 40 wt.% TEGDMA (BG:TEG)) were characterized in terms of their refractive index (RI) and monomer glass transition temperature (Tgm) and then photocured. The resulting copolymers were characterized in terms of the polymer glass transition temperature (Tgp), experimental polymerization shrinkage (Se), water contact angle (WCA), water sorption (WS), and water solubility (SL). The prepared BG:QAm:TEG liquid monomer compositions had RI in the range 1.4997–1.5129, and Tgm in the range −52.22 to −42.12 °C. The BG:QAm:TEG copolymers had Tgp ranging from 42.21 to 50.81 °C, Se ranging from 5.08 to 6.40%, WCA ranging from 81.41 to 99.53°, WS ranging from 25.94 to 68.27 µg/mm3, and SL ranging from 5.15 to 5.58 µg/mm3. Almost all of the developed BG:QAm:TEGs fulfilled the requirements for dental materials (except BG:QA8:TEG and BG:QA10:TEG, whose WS values exceeded the 40 µg/mm3 limit).

Cytotoxicity and Microbiological Properties of Copolymers Comprising Quaternary Ammonium Urethane-Dimethacrylates with Bisphenol A Glycerolate Dimethacrylate and Triethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate

“…The literature shows that surface character is crucial in Candida biofilm formation [ 48 ]. Therefore, the results obtained for antifungal activity were related to those obtained for water contact angle (WCA) [ 34 ] ( Figure 10 ). It can be seen that the greater the WCA values, the greater the number of fungus colonies on the BG:QAm:TEG surfaces.…”

“…They consisted of 40 wt.% Bis-GMA, 40 wt.% QAUDMA-m, and 20 wt.% TEGDMA (BG:QAm:TEG), analogous to the composition of another standard DCRM matrix, consisting of 40 wt.% Bis-GMA, 40 wt.% UDMA and 20 wt.% TEGDMA (BG:UD:TEG). They were characterized in terms of physical properties [ 34 ]. As can be seen from Table 1 , they had low polymerization shrinkage, high glass transition temperature, and hydrophilic surfaces—except for BG:QA16:TEG and BG:QA18:TEG, which were hydrophobic.…”

Chemical Modification of Dental Dimethacrylate Copolymer with Tetramethylxylylene Diisocyanate-Based Quaternary Ammonium Urethane-Dimethacrylates—Physicochemical, Mechanical, and Antibacterial Properties

“…QAn+MDEA+ IPDIs with n of 12, 14, 16, and 18 were studied [35,36]; (vi) quaternary ammonium analogues of the urethane-dimethacrylate monomer with two QA groups (QAn+TMDI, where n is the number of carbon atoms in the N-alkyl substituent of the QA group). QAn+TMDI with n of 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18 were studied [37][38][39][40][41][42].…”

“…By reducing the QAn+MDEA+IPDI content to 30 wt.% and using a formulation of Bis-GMA/TEGDMA 70 wt.%, an improvement in mechanical properties was achieved [36]. QAn+TMDIs and their copolymers were the most extensively studied [37][38][39][40][41][42]. Copolymers of QAn+TMDI 60 wt.% and TEGDMA 40 wt.% were characterized by very high antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli.…”

“…Many of their physicochemical, mechanical, and biological parameters were good. However, the detailed analysis showed that an increase in the N-alkyl substituent length resulted in a decrease in the antibacterial activity, and the deterioration of mechanical properties [40][41][42]. This analysis led to the conclusion that copolymers based on QA10+TMDI and QA12+TMDI contain the optimum combination of properties [40].…”