Physicochemical properties of slags produced at various amounts of iron addition in lead smelting

Abstract

In the process of lead production from leadbearing materials generated in copper metallurgy, a large amount of hazardous waste in the form of slag is produced. To assess the effect of the slag on the environment, its physicochemical properties were determined. In this study, the following methods were used: wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WD XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Bunte-Baum-Reerink method to determine softening and melting points, as well as viscosity examination and leaching tests. The measurements were performed on the slag produced with two different amounts of iron addition to the lead smelting process. The resulting slags, an oxide rich phase slag and a sulfide rich phase slag have different compositions and physicochemical properties. It was found that the increase in iron addition causes an increase in the softening melting point of the oxide rich phase slag by about 100°C, and a twofold increase in the viscosity of both slag phases. The increase in iron addition also results in the decrease in As leachability and increase in Zn, Fe, and Cu leachability from the slags. Slag produced with increased iron addition has a greater impact on the environment.

Estimating chlorophyll content of Zizania latifolia with hyperspectral data and random forest

“…As a result, it is distributed widely in the eastern and southern areas of China with the rapid increase of the Southern Chinese population (Yan et al 2018). Furthermore, this species is one of the silicicolous plants and then waste slag, which contain substantial proportions of heavy metals and pose a serious threat to the environment, could be used as siliceous fertilizer for cultivation (Zolotova et al 2017, Krawiec, et. al.…”