Physicochemical Property Changes of Oil Palm Mesocarp Fibers Treated With High-Pressure Steam

Yunos, Noor Seribainun Hidayah Md; Baharuddin, Azhari Samsu; Yunos, Khairul Faezah Md.; Naim, Mohd Nazli; Nishida, Haruo

doi:10.15376/biores.7.4.5983-5994

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…There were few changes that formed between an 1800 cm -1 to 1000 cm -1 band range throughout the extraction process. Two characteristic peaks of lignin located at 1505 cm -1 (C=C stretching of aromatic ring of lignin) (Yunos et al 2012) and at 1300 cm -1 to 1200 cm -1 corresponded to the C-O stretching of the aryl group in lignin were found in the spectra of the raw OPEFB stalk fibres (Abraham et al 2011). This shows that the lignin was removed after the acidic bleaching.…”

Section: Ftir Analysismentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The alkali treatment process was based on the disappearance of the peak at 1505 cm -1 and the decrease in the peak intensity at 1300 cm -1 to 1200 cm -1 in α-cellulose of the OPEFB stalk spectra and the SCMC. Simultaneously, the C=O stretching that represented carboxylic acids, aldehyde, or ketone in hemicellulose appeared in the region of 1730 cm -1 to 1720 cm -1 in the untreated and bleached OPEFB stalk fibres (Fahma et al 2010;Yunos et al 2012). The withdrawal of lignin and hemicellulose after the extraction resulted in the disappearance of the particular peak from the spectra in the α-cellulose and the SCMC from the OPEFB stalk fibres.…”

Section: Ftir Analysismentioning

confidence: 96%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Synthesis and Characterization of Carboxymethyl Cellulose from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Stalk Fibres

et al. 2017

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The current extraction of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) from wood has created competition with wood industries. Interest in alternative sources is critical to ensure the sustainable production of CMC. Therefore, the extraction of CMC from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) stalk fibres was evaluated. CMC extracted from OPEFB stalk fibres was characterized for chemical composition as well as by spectroscopic, microscopic, physicochemical, and rheological tests. Highest cellulose content was obtained from raw stalk fibres with the least amount of lignin and residual oil as compared to the empty fruit bunch (EFB) and spikelet. The XRD analysis revealed that the native cellulose was transformed into an amorphous phase, as evidenced from the characteristic peaks that had almost disappeared. Likewise, the FTIR analysis showed that major peaks in the lignin and hemicellulose were absent, which enabled the cellulose to be converted to CMC. Microscopy analysis showed notable changes in the fibres' morphology throughout the extraction process. In addition, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), physicochemical studies, and rheological tests on extracted CMC showed that there was a significant difference between each phase of the extraction process and this showed that OPEFB stalk fibre was feasible to produce CMC that was comparable to those of commercial CMC. Keywords: Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC); Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB); Stalk fibreContact information: Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; * Corresponding author: nuraliaa@upm.edu.my INTRODUCTIONPalm oil mills produce a few types of solid wastes, one of which is called oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB). During the threshing process, the fresh fruit bunches (FFB) are rolled and threshed in rotating steel drums to separate the fruits from the stalks, and this process generates the empty fruit bunches (EFB). Attempts to transform OPEFB into valueadded products have gained wide attention because it is one of the most produced biomasses that come from oil palm refineries. The lignocellulosic composition in the dry OPEFB was 19% to 21% for lignin, 22% to 25% for hemicellulose, and 40% to 43% for cellulose (Razali et al. 2017).The two main parts of OPEFB are the stalk and spikelet, where Xiang et al. (2016) reported that the raw stalk fibre yielded the highest cellulose content and had the lowest lignin content. Likewise, the raw stalk fibre contains the lowest residual oil content when compared to the EFB and spikelets (Yunos et al. 2015;Xiang et al. 2016). The supplemental pre-treatment step during the extraction of cellulose and its derivatives is PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLE bioresources.com Parid et al. (2018). "Synthesis of CMC," BioResources 13(1), 535-554. 536 required to remove the residual oil present in oil palm fibres because it can influence the cellulose derivatives production (Fahma et al. 2010). Fu...

show abstract

Section: Ftir Analysismentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Ftir Analysismentioning

confidence: 96%

Synthesis and Characterization of Carboxymethyl Cellulose from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Stalk Fibres

et al. 2017

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Several pretreatments can be applied to oil palm biomass such as chemical, mechanical and hydrothermal treatment in order to overcome this hindrance. Pretreatment involving hot compressed water (HCW), liquid hot water (LHW), steam, and superheated steam (SHS) are gaining interest recently, as these treatments are more environmental friendly, and time saving for enzymatic saccharification of natural biomass (Yu et al, 2011;Inoue et al, 2008;Weiqi et al, 2013;Yunos et al, 2012;Nik Mahmud et al, 2013). Superheated steam is unsaturated (dry) steam generated by the addition of sensible heat to saturated (wet) steam (Bahrin et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal and wet disk milling pretreatment for high conversion of biosugars from oil palm mesocarp fiber

Zakaria

Norrrahim

Hirata

et al. 2015

Bioresource Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Eco-friendly pretreatment methods for lignocellulosic biomass are being developed as alternatives to chemical based methods. Superheated steam (SHS), hot compressed water (HCW) and wet disk milling (WDM) were used individually and with combination to partially remove hemicellulose and alter the lignin composition of recalcitrant structure of oil palm mesocarp fiber (OPMF). The efficiency of the pretreatment methods was evaluated based on the chemical compositions altered, SEM analysis, power consumption and degree of enzymatic digestibility. Hemicellulose removal (94.8%) was more pronounced under HCW compared to SHS, due to maximal contact of water and production of acetic acid which enhanced further degradation of hemicellulose. Subsequent treatment with WDM resulted in defibrillation of OPMF and expansion of the specific surface area thus increasing the conversion of cellulose to glucose. The highest glucose yield was 98.1% (g/g-substrate) when pretreated with HCW (200 °C, 20 min) and WDM which only consumed 9.6 MJ/kg of OPMF.

show abstract

“…The OPEFB are currently being used for biocompost (Bahrin et al 2012) and biocomposites (Nascimento et al 2012), where the focus is on the OPEFB surface, which contains embedded silica bodies (Law et al 2007). Biocompost requires removal of silica bodies from OPEFB fibres using high pressure steam or chemical treatments (Bahrin et al 2012;Shamsudin et al 2012;Yunos et al 2012). The fibres without silica bodies can be easily decomposed (Hamzah et al 2011) because the increase in the surface area allows the enzymatic attack by microorganisms (i.e., fungi) to become more active (Hamzah et al 2011;Bahrin et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Silica Bodies on the Mechanical Behaviour of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fibres

Omar¹,

Mohammed²,

Baharuddin³

2014

BioResources

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The surface of oil palm empty fruit bunch fibres contains embedded silica bodies or protrusions. The mechanical contribution of the protrusions towards the integrity of the fibres is still not clearly investigated. In this work, 2D and 3D finite element simulations on the surface and cross section of the fibres, respectively, were performed. The information for the models was obtained from scanning electron microscopy analysis and mechanical tests for the silica body characteristics and elastic modulus, respectively. Different silica bodies arrangements and the effect of spiked geometry of the silica bodies was investigated using 2D models. Cohesive zone modelling was introduced to simulate damage or debonding between the interface of silica bodies and fibre. A 3D finite element model was later developed consisting of a silica body (sphere) embedded halfway in the matrix. The numerical results showed that the 2D model was sensitive to critical stress compared to silica bodies spiked geometry, arrangement of silica bodies on the fibre surface, and cohesive energy. On the other hand, the results showed that for 3D models with thicknesses larger than 0.2 mm, the effect of the silica bodies on the elasticity of the fibre was not significant.

show abstract

Physicochemical Property Changes of Oil Palm Mesocarp Fibers Treated With High-Pressure Steam

Cited by 21 publications

References 18 publications

Synthesis and Characterization of Carboxymethyl Cellulose from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Stalk Fibres

Synthesis and Characterization of Carboxymethyl Cellulose from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Stalk Fibres

Hydrothermal and wet disk milling pretreatment for high conversion of biosugars from oil palm mesocarp fiber

Effect of Silica Bodies on the Mechanical Behaviour of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fibres

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About