“…Understanding and accurately characterizing the physical properties of moraine soils are thus of great significance for the prediction and mitigation of these geohazards. The physical properties of moraine soils have been experimentally and numerically investigated, including their mechanical properties (Cherepanin et al., 2018; H. Hu et al., 2020; Lebourg et al., 2004; T. Liu et al., 2020; Renjifo & Makhnenko, 2021; Sharratt & Lindstrom, 2001; Stock et al., 2007), hydraulic conductivity (Demand et al., 2019; Ming et al., 2020; Pittman et al., 2019; Seyfried & Murdock, 1997; Watanabe et al., 2013), and thermal conductivity (Naylor et al., 2015; Tinsley & Pavía, 2019; X. Xie et al., 2018; Zhao et al., 2019).…”