Physicopharmaceutical Characteristics of an Oil-in- Water Emulsion-Type Ointment Containing Diclofenac Sodium

Takamura, Akira; Ishii, Fumiyoshi; Noro, Shunichi; Koishi, Masumi

doi:10.1002/jps.2600730521

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…To date, the most frequently reported IVRT method for semisolid formulations is the Franz diffusion cell method [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] introduced by Shah et al [30] in 1991. Other non-compendial diffusion cell methods have been utilized for semisolid formulations [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] before the 1990s. Kumar [47] and Rege [13] performed IVRT of topical dosage forms using the USP apparatus 2 with enhancer cell assembly (Patent US5408865A) [48].…”

Section: In Vitro Release Testing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on Physicochemical and In Vitro Profiling of Ophthalmic Ointments

Bao

Burgess

2018

Pharm Res

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Ophthalmic ointments are unique in that they combine features of topical drug delivery, the ophthalmic route and ointment (semisolid) formulations. Accordingly, these complex formulations are challenging to develop and evaluate and therefore it is critically important to understand their physicochemical properties as well as their in vitro drug release characteristics. Previous reports on the characterization of ophthalmic ointments are very limited. Although there are FDA guidance documents and USP monographs covering some aspects of semisolid formulations, there are no FDA guidance documents nor any USP monographs for ophthalmic ointments. This review summarizes the physicochemical and in vitro profiling methods that have been previously reported for ophthalmic ointments. Specifically, insight is provided into physicochemical characterization (rheological parameters, drug content and content uniformity, and particle size of the API in the finished ointments) as well as important considerations (membranes, release media, method comparison, release kinetics and discriminatory ability) in in vitro drug release testing (IVRT) method development for ophthalmic ointments.

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Section: In Vitro Release Testing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on Physicochemical and In Vitro Profiling of Ophthalmic Ointments

Bao

Burgess

2018

Pharm Res

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“…O/W emulsions are produced by various manufacturing processes, including food production (Djordjevic et al 2004;Klinkesorn et al 2004) and pharmaceuticals (Frankel et al 1996;Takamura et al 1984). O/W emulsions can also be unwanted by-products in many industries, such as petrochemical industries (Johnson et al 1973;Salam et al 2013;Wang et al 2013a) and metal processing industries (Paterson 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of oil droplets from water using carbonized rice husk: enhancement by surface modification using polyethylenimine

Lin

Yang²,

Petit

et al. 2014

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Carbonized rice husk (CRH) is a promising material to separate oil from water owing to its abundance, low-cost, and environmentally benign characteristics. However, CRH's performance is somewhat limited by its similar surface charge to that of oil, leading to repulsive interactions. To improve the separation efficiency of CRH, CRH was modified via impregnation with a cationic biocompatible polymer, polyethlyenimine (PEI) to form PEI-CRH. The modified sample exhibits a remarkably higher (10-50 times) oil/water (O/W) separation efficiency than that of the unmodified one. Small PEI-CRH particles (about 64 μm) are found to adsorb oil droplets faster and larger quantities than bigger particles (about 113 and 288 μm). PEI-CRH exhibits higher separation efficiency at high temperatures owing to the destabilization of the emulsion. It is also found that the oil adsorption mechanism involves a chemical interaction between PEI-CRH and oil droplets. The addition of NaCl considerably improves the separation efficiency, while the addition of a cationic surfactant has the opposite effect. In acidic emulsions, PEI-CRH adsorbs more oil than in neutral or basic conditions owing to favorable attractive forces between oil droplets and the surface of PEI-CRH. PEI-CRH can be easily regenerated by washing with ethanol. These promising features of PEI-CRH indicate that PEI-CRH could be an efficient and low-cost adsorbent for the O/W separation applications.

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“…Oil droplets present in water [also called oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions] are commonly found as intermediate and final products in several industries, such as food manufacturing [1,2], pharmaceuticals [3,4], and cosmetics. However, oil droplets in water can also be undesired by-products, including the produced water from petroleum industry [5][6][7], oily wastewater from food [1,2] and metal processing industries, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Removal of Oil Droplets from Oil-in-Water Emulsions Using Polyethylenimine-Modified Rice Husk

Lin

Chen

2015

Waste Biomass Valor

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Although several nano-materials have been used to adsorb oil droplets in water, preparing these materials requires complex procedures and expensive reagents. Their implication to the environment also remains unclear. Thus, in this study, we propose to develop efficient, inexpensive and environmental-friendly oil-removing adsorbents. To this end, we select an agricultural waste, rice husk (RH), as an adsorbent. To enhance the oilremoving performance, RH are modified with a biocompatible cationic polymer, polyethylenimine (PEI). The asprepared PEI-RH was characterized using SEM, FT-IR, and TGA, and used to adsorb oil droplets in water. PEI-RH was found to exhibit a much higher oil adsorption capacity than RH. The oil adsorption kinetics and isotherm were measured and analyzed using theoretical models. The thermodynamic parameters of the oil adsorption were also determined. The factors affecting the oil adsorption to PEI-RH were examined including temperature, size of PEI-RH, pH, salt and surfactants. The higher temperature was found to enhance the oil adsorption capacity, whereas smaller size of PEI-RH exhibited a much higher adsorption capacity. The adsorption capacity of PEI-RH remained quite stable in the pH range of 5-7, while the highly acidic and basic conditions were not preferable for PEI-RH to separate oil-in-water emulsions. The addition of NaCl slightly improved the oil adsorption capacity but the presence of surfactants decreased the oil adsorption capacity of PEI-RH. PEI-RH also could be reused for multiple cycles after a simple ethanol washing method. These features enable PEI-RH a promising and low-cost adsorbent for the separation of oil-in-water emulsions.

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Physicopharmaceutical Characteristics of an Oil-in- Water Emulsion-Type Ointment Containing Diclofenac Sodium

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

Perspectives on Physicochemical and In Vitro Profiling of Ophthalmic Ointments

Perspectives on Physicochemical and In Vitro Profiling of Ophthalmic Ointments

Removal of oil droplets from water using carbonized rice husk: enhancement by surface modification using polyethylenimine

Enhanced Removal of Oil Droplets from Oil-in-Water Emulsions Using Polyethylenimine-Modified Rice Husk

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