Physics course revisions at University College, Cardiff

Abstract

The physics courses at University College, Cardiff are being completely revised and the first year of the new course ended in July 1967. This paper describes the background of the faculty of science degree scheme and goes on to discuss both the general philosophy and the detailed planning of the new physics course. It is emphasized that such a process of revision is a continuing process which must take into account the changing pattern of secondary education.

The development, implementation and evaluation of interventions to reduce workplace sitting: a qualitative systematic review and evidence-based operational framework

“…The 30 primary intervention studies comprised 17 RCTs [ 30 – 32 , 34 – 38 , 40 , 41 , 48 , 49 , 52 – 55 , 57 ], six non-randomised trials [ 23 , 29 , 33 , 39 , 51 , 56 ], six pre-post intervention studies [ 42 , 43 , 45 – 47 , 50 ], and one mixed-methods study [ 44 ].…”

“…Thirteen of the intervention studies were set in Australia [ 23 , 29 , 31 , 32 , 35 , 37 , 39 , 40 , 42 , 44 , 45 , 48 , 51 ], six in the United States or Canada [ 33 , 36 , 41 , 43 , 54 , 57 ], five in the United Kingdom [ 30 , 46 , 47 , 50 , 55 ], four in mainland Europe [ 34 , 38 , 52 , 53 ], and two did not explicitly state the country setting [ 49 , 56 ]. Fifteen studies were conducted either solely [ 29 , 30 , 32 , 34 , 36 , 41 , 43 , 46 , 47 , 50 , 55 – 57 ], or in part [ 35 , 53 ], within an academic institution. The remaining studies were conducted within a range of other public, private and voluntary sector organisations.…”

“…All except three of the intervention studies [ 37 , 39 , 51 ] were female-dominated, ranging from 53 to 100% of samples. Nineteen of the studies [ 23 , 29 , 30 , 32 , 33 , 35 , 37 , 40 , 41 , 43 – 46 , 50 , 52 , 53 , 55 – 57 ] had majority participants with tertiary-level education or who were in professional (not administrative) job roles.…”

“…Other interventions included: automated web-based programmes with a range of support strategies [ 34 , 53 ]; use of a wrist-worn device to disrupt sedentary behaviour [ 41 ]; environmental adaptation via a move to a new purpose-built building [ 45 ]; and multi-component interventions using a variety of low-cost strategies, e.g. leaflets, posters, emails, prompts, workplace champions and management support to encourage staff to reduce workplace sitting [ 36 , 37 , 39 , 46 , 49 , 50 , 55 , 57 ].…”

“…Twenty-two studies used an objective measure of sitting time via inclinometers (activPAL3) [ 23 , 29 , 31 , 32 , 35 – 37 , 40 , 41 , 43 , 47 , 51 , 53 , 55 , 57 ], and/or accelerometers (e.g., ActiGraph) [ 38 , 42 , 45 , 47 , 48 , 52 , 54 , 57 ], or a sitting-pad device [ 39 ]. The remaining studies used subjective measures of sitting time via self-report/questionnaires [ 34 , 44 , 46 , 49 , 50 , 56 ], ecological momentary assessment (e.g., using a paper diary to report whether they were sitting, standing or walking every 15 min) [ 30 ], or experience-sampling methodology (e.g., responding to a text message sent three times per day) [ 33 ].…”