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We for the first time leverage deep learning approaches to solve forward and inverse problems of two-dimensional laminar flows for power-law fluids. We propose a deep-learning framework, called Power-Law-Fluid-Net (PL-Net). We develop a surrogate model to solve the forward problems of the power-law fluids, and solve the inverse problems utilizing only a small set of measurement data under the assumption that boundary conditions (BCs) can be partially known. In the design of the methods, we incorporate the hard boundary condition constraints to accelerate the iteration of stochastic gradient descent methods for minimizing loss functions. For the forward problems, by incorporating the constitutive parameters into the input variables of neural networks, the PL-Net serves as a surrogate model for simulating the pressure-driven flows inside pipes having cross sections of varying shapes. We investigate the influences of the BC type, activation function type, and number of collocation points on the accuracy of numerical solutions. For the inverse problems, the PL-Net infers the physical quantities or constitutive parameters from a small number of measurements of flow field variables. The BCs of the inverse problems can even be partially known. We demonstrate the effects of BC type, number of sensors, and noise level on accuracy of inferred quantities. Computational examples indicate the high accuracy of the PL-Net in tackling both the forward and inverse problems of the power-law fluids.
We for the first time leverage deep learning approaches to solve forward and inverse problems of two-dimensional laminar flows for power-law fluids. We propose a deep-learning framework, called Power-Law-Fluid-Net (PL-Net). We develop a surrogate model to solve the forward problems of the power-law fluids, and solve the inverse problems utilizing only a small set of measurement data under the assumption that boundary conditions (BCs) can be partially known. In the design of the methods, we incorporate the hard boundary condition constraints to accelerate the iteration of stochastic gradient descent methods for minimizing loss functions. For the forward problems, by incorporating the constitutive parameters into the input variables of neural networks, the PL-Net serves as a surrogate model for simulating the pressure-driven flows inside pipes having cross sections of varying shapes. We investigate the influences of the BC type, activation function type, and number of collocation points on the accuracy of numerical solutions. For the inverse problems, the PL-Net infers the physical quantities or constitutive parameters from a small number of measurements of flow field variables. The BCs of the inverse problems can even be partially known. We demonstrate the effects of BC type, number of sensors, and noise level on accuracy of inferred quantities. Computational examples indicate the high accuracy of the PL-Net in tackling both the forward and inverse problems of the power-law fluids.
Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) represent an emerging computational paradigm that incorporates observed data patterns and the fundamental physical laws of a given problem domain. This approach provides significant advantages in addressing diverse difficulties in the field of complex fluid dynamics. We thoroughly investigated the design of the model architecture, the optimization of the convergence rate, and the development of computational modules for PINNs. However, efficiently and accurately utilizing PINNs to resolve complex fluid dynamics problems remain an enormous barrier. For instance, rapidly deriving surrogate models for turbulence from known data and accurately characterizing flow details in multiphase flow fields present substantial difficulties. Additionally, the prediction of parameters in multi-physics coupled models, achieving balance across all scales in multiscale modeling, and developing standardized test sets encompassing complex fluid dynamic problems are urgent technical breakthroughs needed. This paper discusses the latest advancements in PINNs and their potential applications in complex fluid dynamics, including turbulence, multiphase flows, multi-field coupled flows, and multiscale flows. Furthermore, we analyze the challenges that PINNs face in addressing these fluid dynamics problems and outline future trends in their growth. Our objective is to enhance the integration of deep learning and complex fluid dynamics, facilitating the resolution of more realistic and complex flow problems.
This paper explores the application of physics-informed neural networks for solving pulsatile shear-thinning flows in a two-dimensional channel. To identify an optimal model, models of varying implementations of boundary conditions, network sizes, number of training points, activation functions, and loss weights are investigated through case by case studies complemented by Gaussian-processes based Bayesian optimization. The final model demonstrates a high level of agreement with a reference numerical solution, with an error of less than 2%. This result indicates that appropriately trained PINNs can be utilized as a method for simulating transient shear-thinning flows.
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