Physiochemical and Antioxidant Evaluation of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extract Followed by Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity

Milk and milk products are highly nutritious food source that can support growth of many complex microbiota. The development of various culture techniques helps us in isolating and culturing such microorganisms from milk and milk products. Gram staining was used as a preliminary approach. Initially, bacterial identification was done by targeting the cell wall composition by gram staining. Further to identify the genus and species of bacteria different biochemical tests were conducted. These microorganisms enter from a variety of sources and can play a number of roles like facilitating dairy fermentations (e.g., Streptococcus, Lactobacillus), spoilage (e.g., Clostridium, Pseudomonas), causing disease (e.g., Salmonella spp., E. coli). The growth of these causative organisms can be inhibited by the implementation of various anti-microbial tests. The microbial inhibition properties inflicted by voluntarily selected fruit peel extracts was studied against the identified disease-causing microbes. Fruit peels that are being left out after the fruit extract is processed out, are generally rich in bioactive compounds like polyphenols and carotenoids, exhibiting antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties. The anti-oxidants present in the peels of citrus fruits act against the growth of spoilage and disease-causing microbes.

Section: Antimicrobial Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Identification of Complex Microbiota from Milk and Milk Products and Anti-Microbial Activity of Fruit Peels Against Isolated Bacteria

Mishra¹,

-²,

S³

et al. 2023

“…With an increase in antibiotic concentration, these zones' diameters grow. The media was poured on the autoclaved petri plates, allowed them to solidify and then spread E. coli microbial strain and punched the wells followed by adding 0.1 ml of the crude extract to the wells, and incubated the plates for 24 hours at 37°C overnight in the incubator [22].…”

Section: Antimicrobial Activity For Crude Extractmentioning

confidence: 99%

To Identify the Presence of Phytochemicals in Medicinal Plants Such as Clitoria Ternatea and Pterocarpus Santalinus using Different Solvents Followed by Anti-microbial Activity Against E. Coli

et al. 2023

There are abundant therapeutic plants out there in the vegetation providing numerous health benefits and waiting to be discovered more about them. There are diversions of plants that provide medicinal aid to various ailments and are differentiated based on the various plant families they belong to. In this study, we focus on the two species that belong to the same family. i.e., Fabaceae which are, Clitoria ternatea and Pterocarpus santalinus. Fabaceae plant family is believed to consist of humungous health benefits including antimicrobial activities, helping in wound healing, being anti-cancer. The presence of a wide variety of secondary bioactive metabolites, including Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Coumarins, Terpenoids, Sterols, and Phenolic acids which have been frequently reported to be present in various plant species of this Fabaceae family, may explain the variety of medicinal effects of these plants: Since ancient times, the Fabaceae plant family has been employed as a source of medicinal plants due to its extensive distribution. This extensive study has been done to observe the presence of phytochemicals of medicinal plants such as Clitoria ternatea and Pterocarpus santalinus using different solvents followed by anti-microbial activity against E. coli, and the presence of various important phytochemicals was marked, interestingly Pterocarpus santalinus showed a clear presence of Cardiac Glycoside when dissolved in methanol solvent, it was also observed that these plant samples have an immense capability to inhibit the microbial contamination and growth, especially when dipped and kept in an acidified water solvent. This is the first research that investigates the phytochemical properties and antibacterial activity of Clitoria ternatea and Pterocarpus santalinus. For performing the antibacterial property against E. coli, the agar well diffusion method was employed. When done against E. coli, methanol extract of Red Sandalwood produced the zone of inhibition with the largest diameter i.e., 25.5 mm, followed by acidified water extract of Aparajita of 23.0 mm and hydro alcohol extract of Aparajita about 11.5 mm. There is no zone of inhibition for methanol extract of Aparajita and hydro alcohol, acidified water extract of Red Sandalwood.

“…Test for Alkaloids: To the 0.5 ml extract, 2-4 drops of Mayer's reagent were added and observed the formation of reddish-brown precipitate [4].…”

Section: Qualitative Phytochemical Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Test for Flavonoids: 1.5 ml of extract was treated with 4-6 drops of 20% sodium hydroxide solution shows yellow colouration which disappeared on addition of dilute hydrochloric acid [4].…”

Section: Qualitative Phytochemical Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extraction of Fruit & Seed from Black Grape & Fenugreek using Different Solvents for Phytochemical Screening followed by Anti-Microbial Activity Against E. Coli

-¹,

-²,

-³

2023

The phytochemical components of many plant species are used in herbalism because they have been scientifically proven to have medicinal characteristics and approved by regulatory agencies including the European Food Safety Authority or the United States the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, as well as phenolic compounds are examples of the bioactive components found in plants that offer health advantages with a demonstrated physiological effect on people. Around worldwide, the resistance of pathogens to conventional antibiotics is expanding. Since more bacteria are becoming resistant to antibiotics due to their extensive use, current antimicrobial drugs may become ineffective in treating a number of bacterial infections. Medicinal plants have been the most prolific source of medication bio-resources in terms of phytochemicals for conventional medicines, conventional therapies, nutritional supplements, dietary additives, medicinal intermediary substances, and chemical entities for synthesized pharmaceuticals. Spices have been historically used in food as culinary ingredients and food preservatives from the beginning of time. The current study assesses the screening of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) and grapes' phytochemical and anti-microbial activities. The two specimens had been gathered, extracted using various solvents, and qualitatively checked for the existence of various phytochemical kinds. For assessing the antibacterial property against E. coli, the agar diffusion methodology was employed. When employed against E. coli, black grape produced the zone of inhibition with the largest diameter, measured 23.5 mm, while fenugreek produced the smallest, measuring 21.25 mm. The goal of the current study is to identify plants that possess different antimicrobial properties that could be used to analyze and isolate novel phytochemicals to prevent the spread of various infectious diseases, particular in light of the sudden emergence of a growing number of drug-resistant microorganisms and the requirement to create more effective antimicrobial agents.