“…Additional reports also revealed that the fatal unintentional drowning rate overall for Native Americans including aboriginal Alaskans was 2.2 times that of Euro-Americans with similar dramatic disparities among age groups (children ages 5-14 had a drowning rate 2.6 times higher than that of Euro-Americans; CDC, 2009). Consistent with literature on physical activity patterns (Bgeginski, Finkelstein, Alberton, Tartaruga, & Kruel, 2009;Kruel, Peyer-Tartaruga, Alberton, Muller, & Petkowizc, 2009;Peyre-Tartaruga, Tartaruga, Coertjens, Black, Oliveira & Kruel, 2009), aquatics and minority populations (Applebee, 1991;Avramidis et al, 2009a;Banks & Banks, 1989;Beale et al, 2002;Eisenhart & Cutts-Dougherty, 1991;Irwin, Irwin, Ryan, & Drayer, 2009;Jackson, 1991;Moran, 2009;Pendelton, 1975;Waller & Norwood, 2009;Wieser, 1995), physical environment (e.g., access to swimming pools), and a combination of social-cultural issues (e.g., valuing swimming skills and choosing water-related activities when making recreational choices) may be the primary factors contributing to the heritage and ethnic differences in drowning rates due to the lack of exposure to APA. (Avramidis et al, 2007(Avramidis et al, , 2009a(Avramidis et al, , 2009b(Avramidis et al, , 2009cMartin & Witman, 2010;Moran, 2009).…”