Physiological Acoustics

Young, Eric D.

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-30425-0_12

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Phenomena analogous to TWs have been directly observed in the basilar papilla of birds (Aves) [ 5 ] and the ears of bush-crickets (Insecta) [ 6 , 7 ], and have also been inferred, via the timing of responses of auditory-nerve fibres, in the hearing organs of some reptiles and frogs [ 8 , 9 ]. In vertebrates, the structure and location of the inner ear make it almost impossible to access without altering its integrity [ 1 , 7 , 10 ]. Measurements in vivo have only been done through small openings in the scala tympani or other isolated places [ 10 – 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In vertebrates, the structure and location of the inner ear make it almost impossible to access without altering its integrity [1,7,10]. Measurements in vivo have only been done through small openings in the scala tympani or other isolated places [10][11][12]. Indirectly, the spatial frequency response on the BM has also been inferred through computational models, or estimated from auditory afferent nerve fibres at selected points [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-invasive biophysical measurement of travelling waves in the insect inner ear

et al. 2017

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Frequency analysis in the mammalian cochlea depends on the propagation of frequency information in the form of a travelling wave (TW) across tonotopically arranged auditory sensilla. TWs have been directly observed in the basilar papilla of birds and the ears of bush-crickets (Insecta: Orthoptera) and have also been indirectly inferred in the hearing organs of some reptiles and frogs. Existing experimental approaches to measure TW function in tetrapods and bush-crickets are inherently invasive, compromising the fine-scale mechanics of each system. Located in the forelegs, the bush-cricket ear exhibits outer, middle and inner components; the inner ear containing tonotopically arranged auditory sensilla within a fluid-filled cavity, and externally protected by the leg cuticle. Here, we report bush-crickets with transparent ear cuticles as potential model species for direct, non-invasive measuring of TWs and tonotopy. Using laser Doppler vibrometry and spectroscopy, we show that increased transmittance of light through the ear cuticle allows for effective non-invasive measurements of TWs and frequency mapping. More transparent cuticles allow several properties of TWs to be precisely recovered and measured in vivo from intact specimens. Our approach provides an innovative, non-invasive alternative to measure the natural motion of the sensilla-bearing surface embedded in the intact inner ear fluid.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-invasive biophysical measurement of travelling waves in the insect inner ear

et al. 2017

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“…For bush-crickets, whose ears are located in their forelegs, a non-invasive investigation of the biomechanism governing the inner-ear processes has been possible through the transparent cuticle some species are endowed with (4). In contrast, the structure and location of the mammalian inner-ear makes it experimentally challenging to investigate this mechanism non-invasively (7,8). Hence, the convergent evolution between the bush-cricket and the mammalian ears provides a unique opportunity to enhance our understanding of these analogous hearing systems, making the investigation of the mechanism behind the workings of the bush-cricket inner-ear a timely and worthy pursuit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A numerical approach to investigating the mechanisms behind tonotopy in the bush-cricket inner-ear

et al. 2022

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Bush-crickets (or katydids) have sophisticated and ultrasonic ears located in the tibia of their forelegs, with a working mechanism analogous to the mammalian auditory system. Their inner-ears are endowed with an easily accessible hearing organ, the crista acustica (CA), possessing a spatial organisation that allows for different frequencies to be processed at specific graded locations within the structure. Similar to the basilar membrane in the mammalian ear, the CA contains mechanosensory receptors which are activated through the frequency dependent displacement of the CA. While this tonotopical arrangement is generally attributed to the gradual stiffness and mass changes along the hearing organ, the mechanisms behind it have not been analysed in detail. In this study, we take a numerical approach to investigate this mechanism in the Copiphora gorgonensis ear. In addition, we propose and test the effect of the different vibration transmission mechanisms on the displacement of the CA. The investigation was carried out by conducting finite-element analysis on a three-dimensional, idealised geometry of the C. gorgonensis inner-ear, which was based on precise measurements. The numerical results suggested that (i) even the mildest assumptions about stiffness and mass gradients allow for tonotopy to emerge, and (ii) the loading area and location for the transmission of the acoustic vibrations play a major role in the formation of tonotopy.

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“…A cóclea converte a energia sonora em sinais elétricos nas células nervosas que transmitem a informação para o nervo auditivo. A cóclea apresenta três câmaras, dentro do seu espiral, que são completadas com fluidos, sendo que a perilinfa e a endolinfa apresentam densidades diferentes e cada líquido reage de maneira particular aos estímulos da membrana basilar (Young, 2007).…”

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2017

Percepta

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ResumoO fenômeno dos sons resultantes foi abordado inicialmente pelo organista Sorge (1703-1778) e pelo violinista Tartini , baseado em suas experiências práticas. Helmholtz fortaleceu o conhecimento teórico e tornou-se a referência nas áreas de acústica e psicoacústica a partir dos seus estudos sobre sons combinatórios. Howard e Angus (2009) consideram que relação musical entre sons resultantes e notas musicais depende do sistema de afinação em uso e este artigo teve o objetivo de identificar as relações de afinação entre sons resultantes gerados a partir dos intervalos produzidos entre a nota Lá4 e Lá3. As notas resultantes foram analisadas a partir dos valores das frequências nos sistemas de afinação Igual, Pitagórica e Justa. O estudo foi realizado a partir de uma metodologia quantitativa que investigou os valores das frequências tendo como referência o modelo matemático de Roederer (2008) e das razões para Afinação Pitagórica e Justa propostos por Gunther (2008). Resultados mostram que cada tabela de afinação apresenta intervalos com valores que podem ser exatos com um sistema de afinação ou diferir em até meio tom em outro.Palavras-chave: percepção musical, sons resultantes, sistemas de afinação. performance musical, acústica Tunning relationships between combination tones and temperaments AbstractCombination tones have been identified by Sorge (1703-1778) and Tartini (1692-1770) based on their instrumental experiences. Helmholtz established the theoretical framework for further studies up to today and Howard & Angus (2009) consider the musical relationship of combination tones to notes played therefore depends on the tuning system in use. This article aimed to identify the combination tones present in intervals within the octave based on Equal, Pythagoric and Just temperaments. This study analyses combination tones frequencies based on Roederer mathematical model. The tuning tables were based on ratios indicated by Gunther (2008). Results show that combination notes can be exact in one temperament or differ up to a semitone in another temperament.

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Physiological Acoustics

Cited by 7 publications

References 109 publications

Non-invasive biophysical measurement of travelling waves in the insect inner ear

Non-invasive biophysical measurement of travelling waves in the insect inner ear

A numerical approach to investigating the mechanisms behind tonotopy in the bush-cricket inner-ear

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