Physiological Analysis Reveals the Possible Resistance Mechanisms of Glycine max to Fusarium solani

Abstract

Sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean is a complex root rot disease caused by the semi-biotrophic fungus Fusarium solani (F. solani) and a leaf scorch disease; caused by toxins produced by pathogen in the roots. However, the mechanism of soybean resistant to F. solani is still poorly understood. Eighteen soybean cultivars were screened for SDS resistance, with one cultivar showing susceptibility and one cultivar showing resistance to F. solani infection. Histochemical analysis with diaminobenzidine (DAB) and Trypan blue staining indicated an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death in surrounding area of SDS which was higher in susceptible cultivar than in resistant cultivar. Furthermore, exogenous salicylic acid (SA) application also induced some level of resistance to F. solani by the susceptible cultivar. A biochemical study revealed that the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and enzymes involved in scavenging ROS, increased in susceptible cultivar after SDS infection. In addition, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content also increased in the susceptible cultivar than in resistant cultivar. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis indicated that free and total salicylic acid (SA) content increased in the susceptible cultivar than in resistant cultivar. In addition, a real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed an accumulation of pathogen related (PR) genes in the resistant cultivar than in susceptible cultivar. Our results show that (i). F. solani infection can increase endogenous SA levels, antioxidase activities, ROS and cell death in susceptible soybean cultivar to induce resistance against Fusarium solani. (ii). F. solani infection induced the expression of SA marker genes in resistant soybean cultivar to enhance resistance.

Antagonistic Potential of Novel Endophytic Bacillus Strains and Mediation of Plant Defense against Verticillium Wilt in Upland Cotton

“…Furthermore, 24 h after treating the plants with bacterial cell suspension, the roots of plants in respective treatments were inoculated with VD-080 conidial suspension (1 × 10 7 cfu/mL). Thirty days post-inoculation, the disease severity in plants was recorded following the vascular browning scale given by Bawa et al [55]. The disease severity index and biocontrol efficacy were calculated by cutting the basal stem vertically and vascular browning was recorded on a 0-4 scale, where 0 = no symptoms or no vascular browning; 1 = 1-25% vascular browning; 2 = 26-50% vascular browning; 3 = 51-75% vascular browning; 4 = more than 75% vascular browning, and calculated using the following formula.…”

Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Changes Triggered by Fusarium solani in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

“…However, the transcriptional response and anatomy of the common bean resistance to FSP have not yet been explored. Host-F. soalni pathosystem has only been described in limited crops, i.e., potato, ginseng, soybean, and peas [11][12][13][14]. Host-F. solani pathosystem in potato tubers suggested a variety of defense regulation responses, such as the upregulation of genes involved in metabolism, protein fate, cell recue, defense and virulence, interaction with the environment, and cellular communication/signal transduction mechanisms [11].…”

Bacillus thuringiensisCHGP12 uses a multifaceted approach for the suppression of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris and to enhance the biomass of chickpea plants

“…For this purpose, the stem was cut vertically, and the vascular browning was recorded. The disease severity was recorded 40 days post‐incubation following the 0–4 scale vascular browning scale 35 ; where 0 = no vascular browning; 1 = 1–25% vascular browning; 2 = 26–50% vascular browning; 3 = 51–75% vascular browning; 4 = more than 75% vascular browning. The total biomass of chickpea plants including plant height, root length, root fresh and dry weight, root volume, root average diameter, root surface area, fresh shoot weight, fresh root weight, and the number of branches were recorded.…”