Physiological and anti-oxidative response of biologically and chemically synthesized iron oxide: Zea mays a case study

Abstract

The synthesis methodology, particle size and shape, dose optimization, and toxicity studies of nano-fertilizers are vital prior to their field application. This study investigates the comparative response of chemically synthesized and biologically synthesized iron oxide nanorods (NRs) using moringa olefera along with bulk FeCl 3 on summer maize (Zea mays). It is found that FeCl 3 salt and chemically synthesized iron oxides NRs caused growth retardation and impaired plant physiological and anti-oxidative activities at a concentration higher than 25 mg/L due to toxicity by over accumulation. While iron released form biologically synthesized NRs have shown significantly positive results even at 50 mg/L due to their low toxicity, an improved leaf area (13%), number of leaves per plant (26%), total chlorophyll content (80%) and nitrate content (6%) with biologically synthesized NRs are obtained. Moreover, the plant anti-oxidative activity also increased on treatment with biologically synthesized NRs because of their ability to form a complex with metal ions. These findings suggest that biologically synthesized iron oxides NRs are an efficient iron source and can last for a long time. Thus, proving that nanofertilizer are required to have specific surface chemistry to release the nutrient in an appropriate concentration for better plant growth.

Synthesis, Characterization, Immune Regulation, and Antioxidative Assessment of Yeast-Derived Selenium Nanoparticles in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Rats

“…Organic Se is less toxic than inorganic Se, but organic diselenides (such as selenocysteine and selenocystamine) are converted to selenols (RSeH) in the presence of thiols, which also cause production of reactive oxygen species and subsequent oxidative stress . Recently, due to the higher bioavailability and lower toxicity of Se nanoparticle (Se-NP) trace elements than inorganic salt, people’s interest in them as animal feed supplements has increased . Studies have shown that Se-NPs are less toxic to animals than other Se compounds (e.g., selenite, selenomethionine, and Se-methylselenocysteine). , Adding Se-NPs to animal feed can modulate gut microbiota and improve the growth performance, feed conversion rate, immunity, and oxidative stress ability of animals. , …”

“…9 Recently, due to the higher bioavailability and lower toxicity of Se nanoparticle (Se-NP) trace elements than inorganic salt, people's interest in them as animal feed supplements has increased. 10 Studies have shown that Se-NPs are less toxic to animals than other Se compounds (e.g., selenite, selenomethionine, and Se-methylselenocysteine). 11,12 Adding Se-NPs to animal feed can modulate gut microbiota and improve the growth performance, feed conversion rate, immunity, and oxidative stress ability of animals.…”

Phytotoxic Evaluation of Phytosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles on Lettuce

“…In addition, it has a fast growth rate which makes it easy to see the effects. There are many reports on physical and chemical methods of nanoparticles synthesis [23,24] but phytosynthesized nanoparticles and their impact on plants are rarely studied [25][26][27][28].…”

Towards a circular economy: The influence of extraction methods on phytosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles and their impact on crop growth and protection

“…Hasan et al, 92 evaluated the effect of phytosynthesized FeO nanoparticles on the Zea mays crop as compared to chemically synthesized nanoparticles. The FeO nanoparticles were synthesized using aqueous extract obtained from Moringa leaves.…”