Physiological and Biochemical Effects of Air Pollutants on Southern Pines

Sasek, Thomas W.; Flagler, Richard B.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-0809-9_12

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Premature needle shedding and foliar symptoms also occurred in long-term fumigation studies on shortleaf pine and related species (Flagler and Chappelka, 1995). Memory-type carry-over effects into the next year were also described but without diagnostics of early stress reactions in the year of treatment (Sasek and Flagler, 1995). All these recently described effects occurred in the range of 100-400 ppm ) h applied total ozone dose.…”

Section: **Memory++ Effectsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Memory Effects in the Action of Ozone on Conifers

Langebartels

Heller

Führer³

et al. 1998

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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Section: **Memory++ Effectsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Memory Effects in the Action of Ozone on Conifers

Langebartels

Heller

Führer³

et al. 1998

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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“…), and shortleaf (P. echinata Mill.) pine seedlings (Sasek & Flagler, 1995 ;Teskey, 1995). However, a separate multidisciplinary research programme determined that ambient ozone concentrations characteristic of low-elevation sites in eastern North America reduced foliar carbon partitioning to starch, carbon allocation to roots, and root biomass, but had little effect on leaf net photosynthesis and total seedling biomass of loblolly pine after three seasons of exposure (Kelly et al, 1993).…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Photosynthetic sensitivity to ozone in same-age foliage was greater in seedlings than in 20-yr-old loblolly pine (Sasek & Flagler, 1995), and greater stomatal conductance was reported for seedlings than for trees (Cregg et al, 1989). Lower conductance and ozone uptake contributed to less foliar ozone sensitivity in mature vs. seedling giant sequoia (Sequoidendron giganteum Bucholz.)…”

Section: Seedling To Mature Treementioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient ozone effects on forest trees of the eastern United States: a review

1998

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Tropospheric ozone can affect crop yield and has been reported to cause reductions in growth and biomass of forest tree species in laboratory and glasshouse studies. However, linkages between growth and ambient ozone concentrations in the field are not well established for forest trees. Ambient ozone concentrations have been shown to cause foliar injury on a number of tree species throughout much of the eastern USA. Symptom expression is influenced by endogenous and exogenous factors and, therefore, ozone-exposure\tree-response relationships have been difficult to confirm. Clearly defined, cause-effect relationships between visible injury and growth losses due to ozone have not been validated. Generalizations of sensitivity of forest trees to ozone are complicated by tree development stage, microclimate, leaf phenology, compensatory processes, within-species variation and other interacting stresses. In general, decreases in above-ground growth at ambient ozone levels in the eastern USA appear to be in the range of 0-10 % per year. However, these conclusions are based on a small number of tree species, with the vast majority of studies involving individual tree seedlings in a non-competitive environment. Comparative studies of small and large trees indicate that seedlings are not suitable surrogates for predicting responses of mature trees to ozone. Process-level modelling is a promising methodology that has been recently utilized to assess ozone effects on a stand to regional scale, indicating that ozone is affecting forest growth in the eastern USA. The extent and magnitude of the response is variable and depends on many edaphic and climatic factors. It is imperative when conducting assessment exercises, however, that forest biologists constantly keep in mind the tremendous variability that exists within natural systems. Scaling of single site\physiological response phenomena from an individual tree to an ecosystem and\or region necessitates further research.

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“…(1989) reported that the level of silicon in plants increased not only under the effect of pollutants but also under many other stresses. Sasek and Flagler (1996) reviewed data on responses of several pine species to the effect of acid depositions and ozone, and arrived at the conclusion that in nutrient‐poor soils, nutrient‐rich acidic precipitation may be an important source of mineral nutrition input. However, after chronic exposure, acidic deposition may override any ‘fertilizer effect’ and could cause a reduction in growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The physiological condition of pine trees in the Prebaikalia (East Siberia)

Михайлова¹

2000

Forest Pathology

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Summary The condition of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) forests polluted by complex industrial emissions in the Prebaikalia region (East Siberia) is described using an eco‐physiological approach. Prebaikalia is one of the largest industrial areas of Russia. On 54 study plots the following needle parameters were measured: percentage of defoliation, protein nitrogen, nonprotein nitrogen, soluble carbohydrates, starch, aluminium, cadmium, calcium, copper, fluorine, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, mercury, potassium, sodium, sulphur and zinc. The physiological condition of the pine tree stands was recorded on the basis of the protein nitrogen/nonprotein nitrogen ratio and the percentage of defoliation. Both parameters showed significant correlations with the accumulation of most pollutants. Five main damage classes were identified by a cluster analysis. The spatial distribution of these damage classes within the region is presented in a map.

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Physiological and Biochemical Effects of Air Pollutants on Southern Pines

Cited by 3 publications

References 79 publications

Memory Effects in the Action of Ozone on Conifers

Memory Effects in the Action of Ozone on Conifers

Ambient ozone effects on forest trees of the eastern United States: a review

The physiological condition of pine trees in the Prebaikalia (East Siberia)

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