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At present time, the compliance of energy costs and the chemical composition of foods in the daily diet with physiological needs of the body gains a particular relevance. Particular attention is paid to the use of functional food products - special products intended for systematic use by all age groups of a healthy population. Functional nutrition compensates for the deficiency of essential amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), vitamins, macro- and microelements, etc., as well as protects the body from the effects of pesticides and herbicides, antibiotics, dyes and preservatives, widely used in conventional products, and is used to strengthen health and prevent diseases caused by deficiencies in traditional nutrition. Such diseases include: obesity, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, hypertension, atherosclerosis, mental depression and others. In some professional groups, for example, in military athletes, the use of functional foods has been practiced for a long time. Currently, a fairly wide range of this group of products has been developed and is being produced. When developing a functional product, environmentally friendly raw materials of animal and vegetable origin, biologically active additives that improve functional and consumer qualities should be used. The high content of amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins and other necessary biologically active substances, as well as good organoleptic characteristics and high consumer properties justify the feasibility of including functional products in the diet of military personnel, whose professional activity is characterized by high physical activity, requiring maximum use of functional resources organism. At the same time, military personnel are capable of completing official tasks at the limit of their physical capabilities, while maintaining relatively constant biochemical constants of the internal environment of the body. The information presented in the paper will be useful to the logistics and medical service specialists of the Russian Army and Navy and will serve as the basis for further development of the direction for the use of functional products for feeding military personnel.
At present time, the compliance of energy costs and the chemical composition of foods in the daily diet with physiological needs of the body gains a particular relevance. Particular attention is paid to the use of functional food products - special products intended for systematic use by all age groups of a healthy population. Functional nutrition compensates for the deficiency of essential amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), vitamins, macro- and microelements, etc., as well as protects the body from the effects of pesticides and herbicides, antibiotics, dyes and preservatives, widely used in conventional products, and is used to strengthen health and prevent diseases caused by deficiencies in traditional nutrition. Such diseases include: obesity, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, hypertension, atherosclerosis, mental depression and others. In some professional groups, for example, in military athletes, the use of functional foods has been practiced for a long time. Currently, a fairly wide range of this group of products has been developed and is being produced. When developing a functional product, environmentally friendly raw materials of animal and vegetable origin, biologically active additives that improve functional and consumer qualities should be used. The high content of amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins and other necessary biologically active substances, as well as good organoleptic characteristics and high consumer properties justify the feasibility of including functional products in the diet of military personnel, whose professional activity is characterized by high physical activity, requiring maximum use of functional resources organism. At the same time, military personnel are capable of completing official tasks at the limit of their physical capabilities, while maintaining relatively constant biochemical constants of the internal environment of the body. The information presented in the paper will be useful to the logistics and medical service specialists of the Russian Army and Navy and will serve as the basis for further development of the direction for the use of functional products for feeding military personnel.
The purpose of the paper is a comparative physiological and hygienic assessment of wild rosehip drinks and black tea, which are a part of a military ration, and the proposal development for their intake by military personnel under high physical loads. Materials and Methods. The authors used four varieties of wild rosehips and three varieties of black tea to determine the amount of vitamin C and microelements. Tillmans method and iodometry (GOST 24556-89) were used for vitamin C determination. Besides vitamin C, drinks were examined for the content of other vitamins, macro- and microelements using atomic absorption spectroscopy, MGA 915-M spectrophotometer (Lumex, Russia). Results. According to present-day ideas, functional drinks should possess not only well-known characteristics peculiar to traditional drinks (satisfying thirst, pleasure, etc.), but also be beneficial to human health. In the military food ration there are no facilities to prepare functional drinks, although such drinks are widely used by individuals engaged in rough labor. The laboratory studies show that the amount of vitamin C in wild rosehips is twice as much as in black tea. The content of vitamins A and E, and iron in dry wild rosehips is much higher than in black tea. Microelements, namely manganese, copper, molybdenum and zinc, are found in wild rosehips in a significant amount, while there is only a small amount of selenium. The above-mentioned microelements are not found in black tea. Conclusion. The research results demonstrate that wild rosehip drinks are valuable as they contain much vitamins and minerals. Its use can help restore water-electrolyte losses in individuals engaged in rough labor, athletes and military men, increase endurance and recovery process after heavy physical loads. Dry dose for preparing a drink will reduce the weight of the military stock, and positively affect the quality of mission accomplishment. Keywords: military men diet, drinks, water-electrolyte balance, vitamins, macroelements, microelements, vitamin C, ration, wild rosehip, black tea. Цель работы – сравнительная физиолого-гигиеническая оценка напитков из плодов шиповника и черного чая, входящих в состав пайков военнослужащих, и разработка предложений по их употреблению военнослужащими в условиях высоких физических нагрузок. Материалы и методы. Для определения содержания витамина С и микроэлементов использовали четыре сорта шиповника и три – черного чая. Определение витамина С проводили по методу Тильманса и йодометрическим методом по ГОСТ 24556-89. Кроме витамина С, напитки исследовали на содержание других витаминов, макро- и микроэлементов с помощью атомно-абсорбционной спектроскопии на спектрофотометре МГА 915-M («Люмекс», Россия). Результаты. Согласно современным представлениям функциональные напитки, помимо известных характеристик, присущих традиционным напиткам (утоление жажды, удовольствие и др.), должны обладать полезными для здоровья человека свойствами. В составе рационов питания военнослужащих отсутствуют средства для приготовления функциональных напитков, хотя они широко применяются лицами, занимающимися тяжелым физическим трудом. В ходе лабораторных исследований установлено, что содержание витамина С в плодах шиповника на два порядка выше, чем в черном чае. Содержание витаминов А и Е, железа в сухих плодах шиповника значительно выше, чем в черном чае. Микроэлементы марганец, медь, молибден и цинк присутствуют в шиповнике в значительном количестве, селен – в незначительном количестве. Указанные микроэлементы в черном чае отсутствуют. Выводы. Результаты исследования напитка на основе шиповника свидетельствуют о его высокой ценности в отношении витаминов и минеральных веществ. Его применение поможет восстановить водно-электролитные потери у лиц, занимающихся тяжелым физическим трудом, спортсменов и военнослужащих, повысит выносливость и ускорит восстановление организма после больших физических нагрузок. Сухая навеска для приготовления напитка снизит вес носимого запаса военнослужащих, что положительно скажется на качестве выполнения поставленных задач. Ключевые слова: питание военнослужащих, напитки, водно-электролитный баланс, витамины, макроэлементы, микроэлементы, витамин С, рацион, шиповник, черный чай.
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